upper eval final
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| 3 mechanisms that may rupture the tympanic membrane. | 1. untreated infection from otitis media 2. Mechanical force 3. exertion that might cause undo stress on tympanic membrane
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| How many types of lefort fractures are there and describe. | three/ 1. through maxilla 2. c-shaped from maxilla through orbital and nasal bone 3. straight across from zygomatic arch through orbital and nasal bone
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| What is the typical cause of spontaneous epistaxis? | Warm weather that causes the blood vessels to be pushed up torwards the surface superficially giving them a higher incidence of rupture.
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| Asymmetry or angulation of the nasal passsage may be indicative of what pathology? | Deviated septum
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| What is the medical term for raccoon eyes? | periorbital ecchymosis
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| What would be indicative of acute throat pain? | pain at the thyroid cartilage (superiorly)and the cricoid cartilage(inferiorly) with possible respiration problems.
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| What would be involved when dealing with throat pain due to illness? | pain when swallowing and more internal pain and tenderness around lymph nodes.
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| What is the weber test testing for? | tests for hearing loss due to infection of otitis media.
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| How do you perform the weber test? | place tuning fork on frontal bone and athlete should hear the vibrations louder in the affected ear.
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| repeated nasal trauma that causes necrosis of the nasal cartilage forming a bump on the nose is called what? | saddle nose deformity
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| how would you inspect for a deviated septum? | use a pen light or otoscope to inspect the internal nasal canal and then depress one of the nostrils and observe the other nostril depress on inhalation and expand on exhalation.
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| four s/s for for nasal fracture? | pain swelling ecchymosis pain radiating in the frontal bone and possibly to the zygoma.
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| what is it called when there is deviation in the normal alignment of two opposable tissues | malalignment
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| what is the medical condition that is a result of the inhibition of the facial nerves secondary to trauma or disease? | bell's palsy
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| medical term for ringing in ears | tinnitus
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| medical term for inflammation of the nasal sinus | sinusitis
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| medical term for nosebleed | epistaxis
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| ecchymosis around the mastoid process is called what? | battle's sign
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| what is the clinical sign of a nasal or skull fracture in which blood follows the normal contour of the bone to rest beneath the eyes? | periorbital ecchymosis
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| medical term for inflammation of the gums | gingivitis
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| what kind of hearing loss can be expected immediately after a blow to the ear? | transitory
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| what is the brown reddish wax that is formed in the auditory meatus? | cerumen
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| repeated trauma or shearing forces to the external ear can result in what? | auricular hematoma
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| what is the medical term for the infection of the external auditory meatus that is commonly termed swimmers ear? | otitis externa
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| What is the second most common type of facial fracture. | mandibular
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| what is the first most common type of facial fracture? | nasal
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| what is the medical term for someone who is having difficulty speaking or is unable to speak? | aphasia
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| What type of fracture occurs concurrently with nasal fractures? | maxillae
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| blows to the cheek and inferior periorbital area may result in a fracture of what? | zygomatic arch
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| what may be injured also along with the mandible from a blow to the jaw? | TMJ
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| When assessing the cervical spine injury what are two important components regarding history? | Location of pain: radiating or localized
Onset of pain: acute, chronic, or insidious
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| what are three things you should look for when inspecting the cervical spine? | head position, cervical curvature, soft tissue comparison
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| what does a positive babinski test indicate? | upper motor neuron lesion
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| What are the two types of moi's in regards to the brachial plexus. | Tension/Compression
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| why does the shoulder abduction test relieve symptoms? | relieves pressure on the impinged nerve root or herniated disk
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| name 3 symptoms you look for in the vertebral artery test | nystagmus, nausea, inilateral pupil dysfunction, dizziness, confusion
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| what would these symptoms indicate | occlusion of cervical vertebral artery. immediate referral
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| identify & define the two types of amnesia | retrograde- patient can't remember past events
anteriograde- patient can't remember things after the hit
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| explain how you would test for retro grade and anterio grade amnesia? | retro- 3 word recall
anterio- opponent from last week
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| what signs & symptoms would constitue a grade I concussion according to American academy of neurology scale | transient confusion, loss of balance/coordination, headache, retro amnesia; any symptoms resolve within 15 min, no LOC
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| apneustic breathing pattern | prolonged inspirations unrelieved by attempts to exhale
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| what is a jefferson's fx | occurs in a circular bone
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| What is an abnormally accelerated pulse? | pulse >150 beats per min.
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| what is cheyne-stokes patern? | periods of apnea followed by breaths of increasing depth & frequency
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| What does PEARL stand for? | pupils equal and reactive to light`
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| What is the def. of lucid | mentally clear
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| biot's Breathing pattern? | periods of apnea followed by hyperapnea
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| decorticate position? | flexion of elbows and wrists, clenched fists
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| low tension pulse ? | short, fast, faint pulse having a rapid decline
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| decerebrate position? | extension of extremities and retraction of head
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| Second Impact Syndrome? | possible consequence of returning an athlete to play too soon after a concussion
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| linnear fracture | referred to as hairline fractures, cased by blunt impact to the cranium
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| flexion contracture | posture that is characterized by arms being flexed across chest.
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| hyper reflexoria | increased action of the reflexes
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| nystagmus | uncontrolled side-to-side movement of eyes
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| anascoria | medical term for unequal pupils
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| coup mechanism | caused by a moving head striking a stationary object, resulting in trauma to the brain on the opposite side of impact
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| battle's sign | ecchymosis over the mastoid process, may indicate a basilar skull fracture
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| Halo test | to determine the presence of cerbrospinal fuid leakage
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| cranial nerve III | pupillary changes following a head injury may be indicative of increased intracranial pressure on
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| Mild concussion (1st) | return to play if asymptomatic after 15 minutes
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| mild concussion (2nd) | out 2 wks may return if asymptomatic for 1 wk
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| mild concussion (3rd) | terminate season, may return following season if asymptomatic
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| moderate concussion (1st) | return after asymptomatic for 1 wk
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| moderate concussion (2nd) | out minimum of 1 om; may return then if asymptomatic for 1 wk; consider terminating season
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| moderate concussion (3rd) | terminate season' may return following season if asymptomatic; consider terminating career
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| severe concussion (1st) | out minimum of 1 mo; may return to play then if asymptomatic for 1 wk
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| severe concussion (2nd) | terminate season; may return following season if asymptomatic; consider terminating season
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| severe concussion (3) | terminate career
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| describe pain pattern typically presents with tendonitis & bursitis | Early on pain is described as being deep within the shoulder in the subacromial area after activity. Then symptoms progress to pain during activity, followed by constant pain in every day activities.
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| 2 causes of subscapular winging | Weakness in the serratus anterior muscle and occlusion of the long thoracic nerve
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| identify 3 main static restraints of the GH joint | GH capsule, GH ligaments, Glenoid labrum
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| scapulohumeral rhythm. | process of movement of the scapula along the scapulothoracis region/scapulothoracis joint with abduction/adduction
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| in the HISTORY portion how do you differentiate between shoulder & cervical nerve root pathology | Symptoms such as radiating pain down arm would clue me in the cervical neck pain versus just a constant radiating pain in the shoulder girdle area.
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| which structures are being compromised and how with the Adson's test | The Adson’s test attempts to depress the shoulder complex and place the medial cord of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and the subclavian vein on stretch while simultaneously placing pressure on the bundle from the anterior scalene muscle.
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| what 2 conditions/pathologies/injuries may be indicated from observing patient with head bent to one side | SC joint injury or clavicular fracture
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| What are the four types of acromion shapes? | type 1: flat type 2: curved type 3:hooked type 4:hooked with spurs
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| What four symptoms will an individual present with when there is an arterial onset of thoracic outlet syndrome? | cold clammy skin, cyanosis, pallor, muscular weakness
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| what does the acronym SLAP refer to ? | Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior
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| Where does a SLAP lesion tear usually occur? | At the insertion of the long head of the biceps tendon where it inserts at the glenoid.
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| Athlete has pain with protraction and retraction of the scapula what joint could be injured? | AC joint or SC Joint
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| Athlete has parasthesia along the areas of the c8-t1 dermatome. What pathology could be present and what is the associated onset? | Thoracic outlet syndrome with nerovascular bundle pathology.
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| What special test tests for laxity of a static stabilizer of the GH joint? | glenohumeral glide test
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| What special test tests for biceps tendon inflamation? | speeds test
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| What special test tests for a sprain of the AC ligament? | AC traction test
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| What special test tests for supraspinatous pathology? | neer shoulder impingement test
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| What special test tests for a rotator cuff lesion? | Drop arm test
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| What special test tests for laxity in the posterior GH capsule? | posterior apprehension test
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| What special test tests for superior displacement of the clavicle? | piano key sign
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| What special test tests for long head of the biceps brachii tendon rupture? | ludingtons test
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| what sign is a refered pain sight for an injured spleen? | kehr's sign
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| What special test tests for laxity in the superior GH ligament? | sulcus sign
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| What is the smooth muscle contraction producing a wavelike motion that moves matter through the intestines called? | perostalisis
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| rebound tenderness in the lower right quadrant may be indicative of what? | appendicitis
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| rapid shallow breaths may be indicative of what three things? | internal injuries, shock, fracture
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| low blood pressure is indicated by what systolic value? | 100 mm HG or below
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| low blood pressure is indicated by what diastolic value? | 65 mm Hg or below
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| what is the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity that disrupts the lungs ability to expand and draw oxygen called? | pneumothorax
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| what condition is indicated by a resting heart rate of greater than 100bpm? | tachychardia
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| what three things should align bilaterally when inspecting the level of the shoulders? | clavicle, sc joint, ac joint
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| what type of shoulder dislocation is considered a medical emergency that may cause jeopardy to the neurovascular structures and the trachea or lung? | Posterior sc joint dislocation
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| what is a congenitally undescended scapula called medically? | sprengels deformity
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| what condition occurs when four or more ribs are fractured in two places? | flail chest
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| what structure functions as a shock absorber and acts as the axis for clavicular rotation? | sternoclavicular disc
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| what is the term for a lack of color in the skin? | pallor
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| What is cubitus valgus? | a carrying angle in which the ulna/radial complex is abducted in alignment to the humerus away from the body.
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| what is cubitus varus? | a carrying angle where the ulna/radial complex is adducted in alignment on the humerus.
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| what two muscles make up the lateral border of the anatomical snuff box? | ext pollicus brevis and the abductor pollicus longus
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| what muscle makes up the medial border of the anatomical snuff box? | ext pollicus longus
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| why are injures to the rcl ligament of the elbow rare? | because of the protection of the body to varus stress.
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| what is the most commonly affected muscle in an individual with lateral epicondylitis? | extensor carpi radialis
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| What is the typical MOI for osteochondritis dessicans of the capitulum? | valgus force that causes compression of the radial head on the capitelum which over time causes OCD's.
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| what is the MOI for a elbow dislocation? | slightly flexed arm with an axial load to the wrist/hand complex.
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| what are two signs and symptoms associated with a elbow dislocation? | hysteria, obvious deformity
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| what injury is characterized by flexion of the MCP and DIP joints and Hyperextension of the PIP Joint? | Swan Neck deformity
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| what bone in the wrist is involved with most fractures due to it being a bony block limiting wrist extension? | scaphoid
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| what is the injury that has an avulsion of the common tendon from its attachment site and is the result of tension build up in the medial epicondyle? | little leaguer's elbow
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| what is the name of the disease where osteoporosis of the scaphoid happens as a result from fracture or repeated trauma? | Preisers disease
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| what injury occurs when an avulsion or stretching of an extensor tendon results in the inability to fully extend the distal phalanx? | Mallet finger
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| what is the problem called that is associated with tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons? | De Quervians Syndrome
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| what is the infection around the periphery of the fingernail called? | paronychia
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| what hand posture is caused by the inhibition of the median nerve that results in atrophy of the muscles within the thenar eminence? | Ape hand
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| what is the disease that causes osteochondritis or slow degeneration of the lunate bone called? | Keinbocks Disease
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| what two nerves pass through the area of the cubital fossa? | Median and musculocutaneous nerve
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| Fractures of the 5th metacarpal are termed what? | Boxers fracture
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| what had posture is caused by inhibition of the ulnar nerve and results in atrophy of the hypothenar, interossei, and medial two lumbrical muscles? | Bishops deformity
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| Fractures of the first metacarpal that extend into the articular surface are termed what kind of fractures? | Bennett's Fractures
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| What ligament is stressed secondary to valgus loading of the humeroulnar joint of the elbow? | UCL
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| inspection of the cubital fossa following a distal biceps tendon rupture will reveal swelling and what? | ecchymosis
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| what kind of dislocation results when the distal carpal row is stripped away from the lunate, resulting in the lunate resting dorsally relative to the other carpals? | Perilunate dislocation
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| Fractues of the forearm or dislocations of the elbow may lead to the onset of what? | Volkmans Ischemic Contracture's
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| when there are signs and symptoms in regard to compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel what is the condition referred to as? | Carpal tunnel syndrome
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| what is an infection or abscess at or distal to the DIP joints and arise secondary to contusions or lacerations? | a Felon
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| what is the condition called when there is a flexion contracture of the MCP and PIP joints caused by a shortening of the palmar fascia? | Dupuyterns contracture
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| What special test tests for anterior interosseus nerve pathology? | Pinch grip test
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| What special test tests for cubital fossa syndrome? | elbow flexion test
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| What special test tests the anterior capsule of the elbow? | Hyperextension test
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| What special test tests for Medial epicondylitis? | Golfers elbow test
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| What special test tests for lateral epicondylitis? | Tennis elbow test
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| What special test tests for chronic instability of the elbow? | Posterolateral rotatory instability test
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| What special test tests the RCL of the elbow? | Varus stress test
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| What special test tests for radial or ulnar nerve compromise? | Tinel's sign
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| What special test tests UCL of the elbow? | Valgus stress test
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| What special test tests for carpal tunnel syndrome? | phalen test
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| What special test tests for de quervains disease? | finkelstein's test
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| What special test tests for problems with the TFCC in your wrist? | Wrist glide test
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| What special test tests the ucl for your wrist? | wrist valgus stress test
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| What special test tests for subluxation of the scaphoid? | watsons's test
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| What special sign shows us a dislocated lunate? | murphy's sign
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| What special test tests for denervated tissue in the wrist/hand? | Wrinkle test
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| What special sign shows us adductor pollicus muscle paralysis? | fromet's sign
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| What special test tests for occlusion of the radial or ulnar arteries? | digital allen's test
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| What special test tests for intrinsic muscle or capsular tightness? | Bunnel littleer test
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| What special test tests the RCL of the wrist? | wrist varus stress test
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