Carbon
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| Carbon- | backbone of all organic molecules, 4 bonds (covalent)
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| Tetrahedron- | 4 single bonds with other atoms
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| Double tetrahedron- | 2 carbon atoms bonded together
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| Flat shape- | 2 carbons double bonded
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| Hydrocarbon- | molecule with only carbon and hydrogen, stores energy
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| 4 variations in carbon skeleton- | length, branching, double bonds, rings
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| Linear (Length) skeleton- | carbons arranged in a row
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| Branching skeleton- | carbons branched off other carbon
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| Double bond skeleton- | double bonds between carbon, reduces hydrogen
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| Ring skeleton- | carbon arranged in a circle with hydrogen surrounding
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| Isomer- | allows carbon molecules to be even more diverse
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| 3 types of isomers in organic compounds- | enantiomers, geometric isomers, structural isomers
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| Enantiomers- | mirror images, L isomer and D isomer, amino acids
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| Geometric (cis-trans) isomers- | same atoms, order, and covalent relationships, differ in spatial relationships
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| Structural isomers- | molecules with same atoms in different order
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| Saturated fat shape- | straight line
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| Unsaturated fat shape- | bend
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| Trans fat shape- | small kink
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| digression- | structure effects function
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| Functional group | molecular groups that attach to carbon backbone to make molecules very diverse
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| Hydroxyl group: | (-OH), polar, alcohols
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| Carbonyl group: | (-- C=O), sugars, ketones and aldehydes
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| Ketones- | carbonyl group is bonded to interior carbon of carbon skeleton
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| Aldehyde- | carbon group is bonded to terminal on the end of carbon backbone
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| Carboxyl group: | (-COOH), carboxylic acids (organic), proton source, lactic, citric, and acetic acid
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| Amino group: | (-NH2), acts as a base, accept protons
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| Sulfhydryl group: | (-SH), two sulfhydryl groups bond together covalently and form disulfide bond
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| Phosphate group: | (-OPO3^2- ), component of phospholipids and important to many chemical reactions
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| Methyl group: | (-CH3), not reactive, effects shape of hormones and expression of genes
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Created by:
mr_spangler
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