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BIO 120 Chapter 4
Carbon
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbon- | backbone of all organic molecules, 4 bonds (covalent) |
| Tetrahedron- | 4 single bonds with other atoms |
| Double tetrahedron- | 2 carbon atoms bonded together |
| Flat shape- | 2 carbons double bonded |
| Hydrocarbon- | molecule with only carbon and hydrogen, stores energy |
| 4 variations in carbon skeleton- | length, branching, double bonds, rings |
| Linear (Length) skeleton- | carbons arranged in a row |
| Branching skeleton- | carbons branched off other carbon |
| Double bond skeleton- | double bonds between carbon, reduces hydrogen |
| Ring skeleton- | carbon arranged in a circle with hydrogen surrounding |
| Isomer- | allows carbon molecules to be even more diverse |
| 3 types of isomers in organic compounds- | enantiomers, geometric isomers, structural isomers |
| Enantiomers- | mirror images, L isomer and D isomer, amino acids |
| Geometric (cis-trans) isomers- | same atoms, order, and covalent relationships, differ in spatial relationships |
| Structural isomers- | molecules with same atoms in different order |
| Saturated fat shape- | straight line |
| Unsaturated fat shape- | bend |
| Trans fat shape- | small kink |
| digression- | structure effects function |
| Functional group | molecular groups that attach to carbon backbone to make molecules very diverse |
| Hydroxyl group: | (-OH), polar, alcohols |
| Carbonyl group: | (-- C=O), sugars, ketones and aldehydes |
| Ketones- | carbonyl group is bonded to interior carbon of carbon skeleton |
| Aldehyde- | carbon group is bonded to terminal on the end of carbon backbone |
| Carboxyl group: | (-COOH), carboxylic acids (organic), proton source, lactic, citric, and acetic acid |
| Amino group: | (-NH2), acts as a base, accept protons |
| Sulfhydryl group: | (-SH), two sulfhydryl groups bond together covalently and form disulfide bond |
| Phosphate group: | (-OPO3^2- ), component of phospholipids and important to many chemical reactions |
| Methyl group: | (-CH3), not reactive, effects shape of hormones and expression of genes |
Created by:
mr_spangler
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