Fungi/protozoa
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| Molds are also known as ____. They live in colonies formed from ____. They produce ___. | Mycelia. They are colonies of intertwining branching hyphae. They produce spores.
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| Conidia are also known as | asexual spores
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| Name the 4 fungi that are known for producing systemic disease. | Think "Cowboy Fungus": He has spore bullets and Cocks his gun, then blasts, and hits lung, skin, meninges, liver. (Coccidio, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidio)
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| Macrophage filled with ____, Broad-based budding ____, Spherule filled with endospores ____, Budding yeast with "captin's wheel formation' | 1) Histoplasmosis, 2) Blastomycosis, 3)Coccidiomycosis, 4) Paracoccidiomycosis
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| Locations of Histo, blasto, coccidio, paracoccidio | Histo = West of Mississippi, Ohio river valley, Blasto= East of Miss and Southeastern US, Coccidio= Southwester US, San Joaquin Valley/desert, paraccidio = Rurual Latin America
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| Histo: Image | "spleunking, cleaning chicken droppings"; found in bird/bat droppings
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| Blasto: Image | "Landscaper"; soil/rotting wood
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| Coccidio:Image | Immigrant
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| All fungi, like humans and ___ have ____. The particular one found in fungus is ____. | mycoplasma, sterols, ergosterol
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| Symptoms possible for systemic disease of fungus: | Pneumonia, meningitis, Liver, bone (granulomatous), skin
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| Systemic fungal diseases are similar to TB: (4) and are unlike TB in that (1) | Similar: Inhaled (primary infection is in lungs), X-ray infiltrates may have granuloma with calcifications and can be cavitary, can disseminate, produce type IV; Not spread person-person
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| Blastomycoses is different than other sytsemic fungi in that | It's the hardest to get and hardest to have; will have inflammatory lung disease
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| Blasto if disseminated goes to ___ | Skin and bone: Warty lesions/crusted verrucous lesions
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| Coccidio if disseminated goes to ___ | CNS/Bone (meningitis)
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| Histo, if disseminated | Liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin
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| Paracoccidio is famous for | Painful destructive ulcers in mouth mucosa
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| Desribe life pattern of systemic fungi | Dimorphic; in soil= they are spores, in body they are yeast
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| Unlike others, ___ is a spherule in tissue | Coccidio
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| Treatment for Systemic fungi: local___, Systemic ___- | Local: Fluconazole, ketoconazole, Systemic: Amphotericin B for systemic infection
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| To culture systemic fungi, use | Sabouraud
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| Tinea versicolor is caused by ____, and is found ____ | Malassezie furfur, found in hot, humid weather
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| Tinea versicolor causes, and can be found with a Wood's lamp that reveals. To look at the organisms, use ____. It will reveal ___. | hypopigmented/hyperpigmented patches on skin (trunk, shoulder, neck). Wood lamp reveals pale-yellow to blue-white fluorescence. Use KOH which will reveal "Spaghetti and meatball" appearence
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| Treat Tinea versicolor with ___ or ____ | Miconazole, selenium sulfide
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| Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis are caused by ____. They Dimorphic/non-dimorphic, and look like ___ with ___ preparation. | Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophytum. They are not dimorphic and have mold hyphae on KOH presentation.
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| Name the opportunistic fungal infections | Think: "Cancer, Aids, CheMo, Recycled organs" for Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Mucor or Rhizopus.
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| Candida: Infections in healthy: | 1)Yeast infections, 2)diaper rash, 3) thrush. immunocompromised (nenonates, steroids, diabetes, aids): esophagitis, disseminated, endocarditis
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| Treat candida with | Nystatin (superficial), Amphotericin (serious systemic)
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| Pseudohyphae + budding yeasts at 20, Germ tubes at 37 | Candida
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| 45 angle branching septate hyphae, rare fruiting bodies. Dimrophic/non-dimorphic | Asperigillis, not dimorphic
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| Aspergillus produce a toxin ___ that affects this organ ___ | aflatoxin, affects the liver
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| Aspergillus produces three diseases | Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (type I, type IV hypersensitivity reaction), lung cavity aspergilloma (fungus ball), Invasive aspergillosis (in people with TB),
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| narrow based unequal budding with capsular halo. | Cryptococcus
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| Cryptococcus produces | meningitis, cryptococcosis
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| Cryptococcus is found ___, Aspergillis is found___- | Crypto: pigeon droppings, Aspergillis = rotting wood
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| Stains with india ink | Crypto
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| Soap bubble leasions in brain | Cryptococcus
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| Irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (> 90 degrees) | Mucormycosis
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| Mucormycosis is mostly found in what populations | Diabetics/leukemia patients.
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| Pathophysiology of mucor | proliferate in walls of blood vessels and cause infarction/necrosis of tissue
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| Black nasal discharge/ulceration/3rd nerve palsy | Mucor/rhizopus
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| "cup/helmet shaped cells" | Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP)
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| PCP causes | Diffuse interstitial pneumonia
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| Methenamine silver stain of lung tissue | PCP
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| Treatment for PCP | TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone
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| PCP patient presents | Low ABGs out of proportion to clinical scenario
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| "Rose Gardener's disease" | Sporothrix schenckii
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| Sporothrix schenckii: dimorphic/non-dimorphic. It causes ___ | dimorphic. causes local pustule/ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics, little systemic illness.
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| Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii | itraconazole, potassioum iodide
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| Cigar-shaped budding yeast | Sporothrix schenckii
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| Mucormycosis is mostly found in what populations | Diabetics/leukemia patients.
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| Pathophysiology of mucor | proliferate in walls of blood vessels and cause infarction/necrosis of tissue
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| Black nasal discharge/ulceration/3rd nerve palsy | Mucor/rhizopus
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| "cup/helmet shaped cells" | Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP)
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| PCP causes | Diffuse interstitial pneumonia
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| Methenamine silver stain of lung tissue | PCP
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| Treatment for PCP | TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone
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| PCP patient presents | Low ABGs out of proportion to clinical scenario
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| "Rose Gardener's disease" | Sporothrix schenckii
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| Sporothrix schenckii: dimorphic/non-dimorphic. It causes ___ | dimorphic. causes local pustule/ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics, little systemic illness.
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| Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii | itraconazole, potassioum iodide
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| Cigar-shaped budding yeast | Sporothrix schenckii
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