Anaerobes of Clinical Importance
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| anaerobes of the skin | Propionibacterim acnes, Peptostreptococci
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| anaerobes of the respiratory | Peptostreptococci, Campylobacter, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Veillonella
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| anaerobes of the GI | Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium/Eggerthella, Peptostreptococci, Clostridium, Bacteroides fragilis group, Bilophila, Campylobacter, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Sutterella, Veillonella
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| anaerobes of the genitourinary | Peptostreptococci, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Mobiluncus, Prevotella, Veillonella
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| Clostridium | frequently encountered in exopenous anaerobic infections or intoxications; gain access through ingestion or open wounds that have become contaminated with soil. causes tetanus, gas gangrene, botulism, and wound botulism.
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| C. perfringens | food poisoning, gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming pathogenic bacterium of the genus Clostridium
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| C. tetani | occurs when spores in the environment enter the skin through puncture wounds; rod-shaped, anaerobic species, Gram-positive, and its appearance on a gram stain resembles tennis rackets or drumsticks
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| Lactobacillus | gram-positive, highly pleomorphic bacilli, may appear as a coccoid or spiral-shaped organism, aerotolerant anaerobes, distributed in nature and foods, as well as normal biota of the human mouth, GI tract, and femal genital tract.
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| Actinomyces | gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and they grow best under anaerobic conditions; endogenous biota of the oral cavity, may be seen in the maxillary region, with draining sinuses in the neck and thorax
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| Bifidobacterium | gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria, ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth of mammals, including humans
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| Eggerthella/Eubacerium | naerobic, non-sporulating, non-motile, gram-positive bacilli that grow singly, as pairs, or in short chains.
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| Propionobacterium | gram-positive, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes
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| Bacteroides | gram-negative, obligate anaerobic;non-endospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species; significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%.
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| Bilophila | saccharolytic, fastidious, strong catalase reaction, production of hydrogen sulfide, and growth stimulation by bile (oxgall) and pyruvate. 75% are urease positive; on pyruvate-containing media, > 85% demonstrate beta-lactamase production
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| Prevotella | gram-negative, non-spore forming, obligate anaerobic, coccobacilli that are commonly found in the oral cavity of humans; however, they are also found in other areas of the body where they can act as opportunistic pathogens.
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| Porphyromonas | anaerobic gram-negative nonmotile cocci, usually short rods that produce smooth, gray - black pigmented colonies,In humans, they are found as part of the normal flora in the oropharynx, including gingival crevices, vaginal and intestinal tracts.
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| Bacteroides ureolyticus | gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-endospore-forming bacilli, motile or non-motile; isolated from infections of the respiratory, intestinal tracts, as well as buccal cavity, intestinal tract, urogenital tract, and blood after a dental extraction.
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| Fusobacterium | gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found as normal flora in the mouth and large bowel and often in necrotic tissue, probably as secondary invaders
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