Staphylococci
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| S. aureus *commonly found* | nose, but also known to inhabit the skin and vagina
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| S. aureus *characteristics* | nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, β-hemolytic, gram positive coccus.
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| S. aureus *testing results* | positive for the slide coagulase test, tube coagulase test, and DNAse. It can grow in media containing up to 10% NaCl. Diagnostic procedures procedures include Gram stain, appropriate-site aerobic culture and teichoic acid antibody test
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| S. aureus *virulence factors* | antiphagocytic proteins, lipase production, coagulase, enterotoxins, and exotoxins
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| S. aureus *epidemiology* | Primary reservoir,
Nares,
Other reservoirs,
Axillae, vagina, pharynx, and other skin surfaces,
Hospital outbreaks,
Nurseries,
Burn units,
Surgical patients,
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| S. aureus *infections* | transmitted by direct human-to-human contact, aerosols, or environmental factors. Causes toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, and abscesses virtually anywhere in the body.
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| S. epidermidis *colony morphology * | nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, non hemolytic
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| S. epidermidis *gram stain results * | Gram-positive coccus.
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| S. epidermidis * testing results* | Ferments maltose but not sucrose, xylose or trehalose. It is positive for alkaline phosphatase production and negative for coagulase DNase.
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| S. epidermidis *virulence factors * | produce a slime layer that may enable them to attach to certain hospital apparati used in invasive procedures gaining entry to the body
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| S. epidermidis *epidemiology * | opportunistic most common coagulase-negative Staphylococcus encountered clinically
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| S. epidermidis infections* | antibiotic resistance and general weakened condition of a convalescing patient the infection is frequently fatal, health care aquired UTIs
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| S. saprophyticus *general * | associated with UTIs in young women,; adheres more effectively to the epithelial cells lining the urogenital tract. Rarely found on other mucous membranes or skin surfaces. Found in low numbers in urine cultures; obligate anaerobe
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| staphylococi *colony morphology* | yellow pigment, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, and aerobic or facultatively anaerobic except
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| staphylococi *gram stain results* | Gram-positive cocci
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| staphylococi *testing results* | a positive test is a clot formed in plasma due to staphylocoagulase. Clumping factor causes bacterial cells to agglutinate in plasma
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