Language Acquisition SLP329
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| Error-based analysis at age three. Why? | Phonemic inventories track phonemes present, but by age 3, children's speech is nearly adult-like. Correct phonemes outnumber incorrect. It becomes easier to measure errors than successes.
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| 3 types of phonetic errors | Substitution, Omission, Distortion
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| Distortion errors | Dentalization, lateralization, derhotacization. These are not universally typical.
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| Study of arctic development | Cross-sectional "acquisition-age" studies. Phonological process studies.
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| Acquisition-age studies | "Mastery age" for individual consonants. Criticism: 1. children do not acquire phonemes individually. 2.uninformative about error type.
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| Vowel acquisition (3) | 1.More than 85% correct production from age 2 (except for the rhotic vowels). 2.Vowels are less likely than consonants to be misarticulated
3. Numerous non-rhotic vowel errors is abnormal over age 2
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| “Natural” sounds and syllables | 1.Manner: most to least natural- Stops, fricatives, affricates (most common earliest manner classes: stops, glides, nasals)
2. Place: Anterior to posterior consonants
3.Most natural syllable shape: CV/CVCV then CVC then CVCC
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| Structural processes (4) | Reduplication, weak syllable deletion, final consonant deletion, cluster reduction
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| Substitution processes (2) | stopping, fronting,
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| 3 types of phonetic errors | Substitution, Omission, Distortion
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| Distortion errors | Dentalization, lateralization, derhotacization. These are not universally typical.
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| Study of arctic development | Cross-sectional "acquisition-age" studies. Phonological process studies.
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| Acquisition-age studies | "Mastery age" for individual consonants. Criticism: 1. children do not acquire phonemes individually. 2.uninformative about error type.
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| Vowel acquisition (3) | 1.More than 85% correct production from age 2 (except for the rhotic vowels). 2.Vowels are less likely than consonants to be misarticulated
3. Numerous non-rhotic vowel errors is abnormal over age 2
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| “Natural” sounds and syllables | 1.Manner from most to least natural: Stops, fricatives, affricates (most common earliest manner classes: stops, glides, nasals)
2.Anterior consonants more natural than posterior consonants
3.Most natural syllable shape: CV/CVCV then CVC then CVCC
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| Structural processes (4) | Reduplication, weak syllable deletion, final consonant deletion, cluster reduction
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| Substitution processes (3) | stopping, fronting (velar & palatal), gliding
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| Assimilation processes (2) | progressive, regressive
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| Phonetic mastery | Complete by age 8 with exception of isolated frozen errors (pasghetti)
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| Phonological representation | Age 5-8 development shifts to sound symbol correspondence, metaphonological tasks (rhyming, alliteration, pig-latin, blending/segmenting)
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