mitosis and meiosis
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| mitosis | Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes
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| cytokinesis | is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It occurs concurrently with two types of nuclear division called mitosis and meiosis,
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| replication | The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA.
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| cell cycle | is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA to produce two daughter cells
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| chromosomes | are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
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| chromatid | is one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the other copy by a single centromerec
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| centromere | is the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids or a dyad.
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| chromatin | is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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| diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
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| interphase | is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life.
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| crossing over | is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction.
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| tetrad | A group or set of four. A tetravalent atom, radical, or element.
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| synapsis | is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.
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| polar bodies | is a small haploid cell that is formed concomitantly as an egg cell during oogenesis, but which generally does not have the ability to be fertilized.
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| gametogenesis | is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes.
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| gonad | an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary.
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| gamete | a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
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| ovum/ova | a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.
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| sperm | In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and its subtype oogamy
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| haploid | is the term used when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes.
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