Audiology SLP314
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| Function of Middle Ear (ME) | Overcomes transmission loss during transfer of sound energy from air medium (outer ear) to fluid medium (inner ear). Increases pressure to inner ear.
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| ME spaces | 1.Tympanum, 2.Epitympanic recess (tympanic attic).
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| Eustachian tube functions (2) | 1. Equalize pressure between ME & ear canal. 2. Drains ME secretions.
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| Mastoid air cells | Portion of temporal bone behind tympanic attic filled with air pockets. Aditus ad antrum connects attic to air cells. Potential path of infection.
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| Windows (2) | 1. Oval (filled by stapes footplate) 2. Round window covered by thin membrane (pressure release)
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| Ossicular chain (3 parts) | Malleus. Incus. Stapes
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| Malleus (3 parts) | 1. Head (in attic). 2. Manubrium (Umbo attaches to center of TM). Lateral process (attached to top of TM (pars flaccida)
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| Incus (3 parts) | 1. Body (attached to head of malleus) 2. Long crus 3. Lenticular process (90 deg turn in long crus, attaches to head of stapes).
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| Stapes | head, neck, 2 crus, footplate, annular ligament
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| Ossicle ligaments | 3 on malleus, 1 on incus. Maintain bone positions with head movements.
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| 2 ways ME increases pressure to inner ear. | 1. Difference in area from TM to oval window (17x = 25 dB) 2. Leverage force (manubrium is longer than long crus of incus (3-5 dB). Overall 28-30 dB gain.
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| ME muscles (2) | 1. Tensor tympany (CN V, attaches to malleus and tenses TM, decreases vibration) 2. Stapedius (CN VII, acoustic reflex above 85 dB)
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| Disorders of ME (2) | Serous otitis media. Suppurative OM
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| Serous OM: stages | 1. Eustachian tube dysfunction (blockage) 2. Negative ME pressure (TM retracts) 3. ME effusion(fluid sucked out of lining
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| Serous OM: treatment | 1. May resolve spontaneously 2. Pressure equalizing tubes (PET- children) or myringotomy 3. Remove underlying problem (adenoids, allergies, smoke) 4. Antibiotics (preventative)
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