Biology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Cancer causing substances | show 🗑
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| show | Genome
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| Members of the protista kingdom have these but the monera kingdom do not | show 🗑
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| Eustachian Tube is found in this part of the body | show 🗑
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| show | Abdomen
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| show | Hip/Buttocks
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| show | Phototropism
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| show | Digestive System (accept gastrointestinal system)
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| show | Apoptosis
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| Austrian monk conducted experiments on the inheritance of traits in pea plants | show 🗑
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| Co-founder of the Journal of Genetics. Better known for his square, in which one parent's genotype is assigned to a grid's row and the other parent's genotype to the columbs | show 🗑
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| Genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits. | show 🗑
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| show | deoxyribonucleic acid
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| RNA stands for | show 🗑
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| It was the first mass-produced antibiotic and discovered by Alexander Fleming | show 🗑
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| show | plasmids
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| Roughly 96 percent of the mass of the human body is made up of these four elements | show 🗑
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| show | Protein
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| show | Carbohydrates
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| Nonliving; specifically, the nonliving components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, humidity, the mineral content of the soil, etc. | show 🗑
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| A nucleotide consisting of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups; formed by the removal of one phosphate from an ATP molecule. | show 🗑
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| show | adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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| Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen. | show 🗑
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| show | allele
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| show | antibiotic
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| show | artificial selection
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| A four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell. | show 🗑
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| The first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. | show 🗑
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| The second stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere. | show 🗑
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| The third stage of mitosis. In this stage the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart. | show 🗑
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| show | Telophase
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| With 2 complete copies of the DNA now in 2 different regions of one cell, the cell membrane will pinch & divide the cytoplasm in half. The result is 2 individual cells that are identical to the original. | show 🗑
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| show | Interphase (If a cell does need to divide, it will copy all of it's DNA. This way, the cell has two complete copies of its DNA before it begins the process of mitosis.)
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| The chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. crossing-over occurs. | show 🗑
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| show | Metaphase I
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| Homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell. | show 🗑
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| Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cells. the cytoplasm divides. | show 🗑
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| A new spindle forms around the chromosomes. | show 🗑
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| Chromosomes line up at the equator. | show 🗑
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| show | Anaphase II
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| show | Telophase II and Cytokinesis
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| Backed up by hundreds of thousands of data observations by independent scientists, all of whom have come to the same conclusion. | show 🗑
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| Created theory of evolution | show 🗑
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| show | Observation
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| the process of deriving the strict logical consequences of assumed premises . | show 🗑
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| a testable and falsifiable explanation of an observation. | show 🗑
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| show | Biogeography
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| show | Homologous Structures
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| show | Embryological Structures
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| include genes, proteins, and protein products, shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor. | show 🗑
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| show | adaptation
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| the expressed or physical trait of an organism. | show 🗑
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| show | genotype
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| the actual frequency of each type of gene in a population. | show 🗑
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| brand new genes that randomly occur. | show 🗑
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| show | gene flows
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| show | bottleneck effect
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| a small group in a population splinters off the original and forms a new one. | show 🗑
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| show | Ecology
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| show | Interdependence
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| A group of organisms that have similar traits and can produce viable offspring through reproduction. | show 🗑
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| show | Population
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| show | Community
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| show | Ecosystem
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| This is all of the ecosystems within a specific climate zone. These are large areas that have similar weather patterns, temperature, and moisture levels. Examples: tropical forest, deciduous forest, grasslands, and deserts. | show 🗑
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| show | Biosphere
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| show | Autotroph
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| show | Producers
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| show | Heterotroph
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| show | Herbivore
(ex: Cows, Deer)
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| Only eat other animals (meat). Sharp teeth for tearing and ripping | show 🗑
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| Eat both plants and animals. Have both grinding and tearing teeth | show 🗑
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| show | Decomposition
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| These organisms do the mechanical breakdown of dead plant and animal matter. They feed on the dead organisms for energy. Also known as scavengers. These organisms make a byproduct called detritus. | show 🗑
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| show | Decomposer
(Examples: bacteria, fungi)
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| Capture and convert light energy from the sun into usable chemical energy. Plants like algae, grasses, and trees use this | show 🗑
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| show | Chemosynthesis
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| A simple linear series of steps that show how energy moves from one organism to another. | show 🗑
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| show | Food Chain
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| show | Food Web
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| Move through the ecosystem through biochemical cycles. •Carbon cycle, water cycle, etc. •Constantly being recycled but never being lost. | show 🗑
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| Moves from one organism to another and along the way some of it is lost in the form of heat. • It is NOT recycled. •Remember the 10% rule of Food chains and its' pyramid. | show 🗑
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| show | Symbiosis
(symbiotic relationship)
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| show | Competition
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| A role that an organism plays within its ecosystem Includes: shelter, food, etc. | show 🗑
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| show | Resources
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| show | Mutualism
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| One Member of the association benefits and one is neither helped nor harmed. Example: Barnacles and Whales | show 🗑
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| show | Predation
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| show | Predator
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| show | Prey
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| The ability to blend into your surroundings. These organisms will sit very still to help with avoid detection. | show 🗑
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| show | Mimicry
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| show | Protective appendages
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| one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it | show 🗑
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| show | parasite
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| the organism that is being harmed | show 🗑
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| show | External Parasite
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| show | Internal Parasite
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| The movement of individuals into an area | show 🗑
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| The movement of individuals out of an area. | show 🗑
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| show | Number of births, Number of deaths, Number of individuals leaving or entering the population (applies to natural populations)
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| show | Carrying Capacity
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| show | Population Density
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| something that can cause the population to stop growing | show 🗑
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| Will affect the population no matter what the size or density •Natural disasters •Seasonal cycles •Disturbances caused by humans •Forestry •Pollution | show 🗑
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| show | Density-Dependent Factors
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| The series of changes that occur in an ecosystem over time. | show 🗑
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| show | Primary Succession
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| show | Secondary Succession
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| show | Cytoplasm
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| Specialized structures found within the cell. They are often referred to as “little organs” of the cell. | show 🗑
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| Only _____________ cells have a nucleus | show 🗑
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| often referred to as the “brain of the cell”, it can also be considered as the “control center”. | show 🗑
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| The ___________________ directs protein synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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| show | nuclear membrane
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| small dense region within the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins. | show 🗑
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| the "Powerhouse” of the cell. | show 🗑
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| They convert chemical energy stored in food to usable energy in the form of ATP that can be used by the cell | show 🗑
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| show | Mitochondria
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| show | Cellular Respiration
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| The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle that arose from _______________________________ | show 🗑
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| The folds of the inner membrane system inside the mitochondria. These help efficiency by increasing surface area. | show 🗑
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| show | Ribosomes
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| Cells that are active in protein synthesis are packed with ____________________________. (Example: muscle cells) They can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. | show 🗑
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| show | cells
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| the basic unit of structure and function in living things. | show 🗑
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| show | cell division.
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| show | Prokaryote
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| show | Eukaryote
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| The inner membrane system of the cell consisting of two types. | show 🗑
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| Involved in Protein Synthesis. Contains Ribosomes | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
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| “Shipping Company of the Cell” Puts finishing touches on packages and ships them to where they need to go. | show 🗑
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| Used for storage of: ◦water, salts, excess proteins, and carbohydrates Animal cells: Small. Plant cells: Have a large central one for water storage | show 🗑
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| show | Chloroplasts
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| show | Outer membrane, Thylakoids, Grana, Stroma
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| show | Chlorophyll
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| Light is required. Conversion of solar energy into sugar(glucose). Releases oxygen as a by-product (waste) | show 🗑
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| show | Light Dependent Reactions, "Dark Reactions" light independent reactions
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| Light collection reaction in photosynthesis | show 🗑
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| show | "Dark Reactions" light independent reactions
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| show | Hydrophobic Tail
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| Part of the phospholipid bilayer. It is the polar region that is attracted to the water-based environment both inside and outside of the cell | show 🗑
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| They orientate themselves so that the tails face into each other creating an area with no water and the heads face out, toward the surrounding environment and into the cell | show 🗑
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| Structure and stability of the cell. Regulates what goes into and out of the cell. •Selective permeability: “able to pass through” | show 🗑
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| show | Protein Channel
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| show | Carbohydrate Channels
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| show | Cell Wall
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| show | cellulose
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| show | solute
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| show | isotonic
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| The solute concentration is higher outside of the cell. (there is MORE solute outside) •Water moves out of the cell and the cell will shrink. | show 🗑
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| show | hypotonic
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| show | osmosis
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| Process by which molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This does NOT require energy | show 🗑
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| show | concentration
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| NO energy is required. Movement along the concentration gradient. (high to low) | show 🗑
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| Movement of particles across the selectively permeable membrane. Occurs in passive transport | show 🗑
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| show | Facilitated Diffusion
Example: Glucose moving in and out of red blood cells using a channel
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| show | Active Transport
Examples: ◦Cellular respiration with the movement of hydrogen ions to make ATP
◦The sodium potassium pump
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| show | Endocytosis
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| Means “cell eating” The cytoplasm will extend around a particle and packages it within food vacuoles. Used by single-celled organisms like an ameba. | show 🗑
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| Process used by cells to take up liquid from the environment. Pockets fill along the membrane and then pinch off to form vacuoles. | show 🗑
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| The process of pushing material out of the cell. | show 🗑
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| The conversion of solar energy to a usable chemical energy. | show 🗑
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| Scientist who used mass experiment to determine that plants get their mass from water | show 🗑
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| Scientist who discovered that plants only produce oxygen in the presence of light. | show 🗑
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| show | Joseph Priestley
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| show | Carbon dioxide and water
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| Products involved in photosynthesis | show 🗑
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| show | Glucose
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| show | Water, Temperature, Light Density
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| show | Cellular Respiration
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| This is the opposite of photosynthesis | show 🗑
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| show | Photosynthesis
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| This is the chemical equation for what? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP | show 🗑
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| show | Cellular Respiration
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| Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen | show 🗑
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| One of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy. (The energy currency of the cell.) | show 🗑
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| What chemical compound is this: 1 adenine molecule ◦1 ribose (5-carbon sugar) ◦3 phosphate groups | show 🗑
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| The third phosphate group is the key to releasing and storing energy. If it is attached, energy is stored in the bonds. When energy is needed, the bonds are broken energy is released. | show 🗑
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| This is the uncharged form. The third phosphate has been broken off. | show 🗑
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| show | ADP (Adenosine diphosphate)
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| show | pigment
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| Plants do not absorb much if any ______________ _______________so that is why plants are green. | show 🗑
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| show | DNA overload
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| show | Exchange rate of materials:
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| show | DNA overload, Exchange Rate of Materials
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| when the cells of the body no longer respond to the signals that regulate the cell cycle. ◦Uncontrollable cell division | show 🗑
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| show | Tumors
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| Referred to as reduction division. ◦This division results in 4 haploid cells. ◦These cells are used in sexual reproduction and are called gametes. | show 🗑
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| show | Crossing Over
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| Chromosomes that code for the same things but one is from mom and one is from dad. A pair of these chromosomes make a tetrad. ◾Contains 4 chromatids | show 🗑
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| show | Meiosis
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| show | Diploid
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| •Means “one set” •Gametes or sex cells ◦Egg and sperm ◦Joined together during sexual reproduction to form a new organism. •Produced by the process of meiosis •Represented by the symbol N •For humans this is 23 | show 🗑
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| Name for body cells | show 🗑
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| Name for sex cells | show 🗑
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| show | asexual reproduction
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| 2 cells become 1 ◦Organisms create haploid cells that can join together during fertilization. ◦Cells are created through the process of meiosis. | show 🗑
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| show | cytokinesis
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| show | genetic
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| Small changes in the genes of an organism create variation within populations. | show 🗑
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| show | character
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| show | trait
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| The genetic make-up of an organism. •This cannot be seen by observing an organism. •They will be represented by capital and lower case letters. ◦TT, Tt, and tt | show 🗑
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| The physical make-up of an organism (traits). •What can be seen by observing an individual. •This is what the genotype tells us. | show 🗑
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| The chemical factors located within the DNA that determines an organism’s traits. •The small changes in the larger shared genome are what make people unique. | show 🗑
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| The different forms of a gene. ◦Different combinations of alleles that you get from mom and dad will give you different expressions of the genes. | show 🗑
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| show | dominant allele
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| An allele that when paired with a dominant allele has no effect on the organism. Denoted by a lower case letter. | show 🗑
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| When an individual inherits two identical alleles for the same gene. Ex: BB, DD (dominant) or aa, tt (recessive) | show 🗑
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| show | heterozygous
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| show | fertilization
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| show | Self-fertilization
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| The two gametes combine which restores the diploid number The result of this combination is a ___________ | show 🗑
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| show | Punnet Squares
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| show | hybrids
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| Organisms differ in only one characteristic. | show 🗑
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| If allowed to self-pollinate the organisms will produce offspring identical to themselves | show 🗑
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| show | Gamete formation
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| When the gametes are brought together the new organism will have two alleles, one from each parent. | show 🗑
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| Case in which one allele is not completely dominant over another. ◦Example: RR (red) and WW (white) create RW (pink) ◾Results in a blended phenotype. | show 🗑
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| show | Codominance
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| Gene has more than two alleles for a particular trait. •More than two possible alleles exist. ◦Example: coat color in rabbits | show 🗑
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| One gene determines the trait. •Individuals will either have the gene expressed (on) or not (off). ◦Examples: ◾Widow’s peak ◾Attached vs. unattached ear lobes ◾Digit hair | show 🗑
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| show | Polygenic
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| show | transformation
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| show | Frederick Griffith
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| show | Oswald Avery
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| show | Oswald Avery
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| show | Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
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| show | Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
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| show | DNA
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| _____________ are made from DNA. | show 🗑
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| Discovered that DNA is a double-helix, in which two strands are wrapped around each other. (twisted ladder) --The twisted nature conserves space. | show 🗑
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| __________________ bonds hold the two strands (sides) of the double helix (ladder) together. These bonds are sturdy enough to hold things together but breakable when needed. | show 🗑
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| show | polymer.
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| DNA is polymer. Nucleotides are the ______________ | show 🗑
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| show | 5-carbon sugar deoxyribose (DNA)
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous bases
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| These first two make up the sides of the ladder (the backbone of DNA) | show 🗑
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| The steps of the DNA ladder. | show 🗑
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| show | Purines and pyrimides
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| show | Purines
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| show | Adenine & Guanine
“angels and gods are pure”
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| show | Pyrimides
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| The two pyrimides | show 🗑
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| show | Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
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| show | Base-Pairing
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| show | sugar, phosphate
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| show | chromatins
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| show | histone
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| show | nucleosomes
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| Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process called _______________________ | show 🗑
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| show | DNA polymerase
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| DNA molecule separates into two strands; forming _________________________ ____________ | show 🗑
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| show | transcription
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| ______________________ replaces thymine (T) in RNA | show 🗑
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| a single strand of nucleotides. | show 🗑
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| Type of RNA. Carries copies of instructions to make proteins from the DNA to the rest of the cell. This molecule is small enough to leave the nucleus unlike DNA. | show 🗑
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| show | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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| show | Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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| show | amino acids
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| show | polypeptides.
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| _________________ are made by joining amino acids (monomers) into long chains called polypeptides. | show 🗑
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| show | codon
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| show | Translation
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| Where does protein synthesis/translation happen? | show 🗑
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| Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon. ______________________ tells the tRNA molecule where to attach itself. | show 🗑
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| show | Start and Stop Codons
AUG- start codon. UAA, UAG, UGA- stop codons
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| show | stop codons
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| The mRNA molecule moves through the ribosome and ___________molecule “translates” the codon and brings the proper amino acid. | show 🗑
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| ___________ is transcribed in the nucleus, then enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome. | show 🗑
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| show | anticodons
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| Changes in the genetic material. Any change that occurs in DNA. Most are neutral. | show 🗑
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| show | Point mutations
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| When the reading frame is shifted one direction or the other due to an insertion or deletion, a ____________________ ______________ has taken place. This can disrupt the sequence of mutations. | show 🗑
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| show | variability
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| show | disorders
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| show | evolution
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| Went on a five year voyage around the world on the HMS Beagle. He collected plant and animal specimens at every stop. When he got back he then examined and categorized his specimens. | show 🗑
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| Book published in 1859, nearly 25 years after his voyage. •Presented ideas that were met with strong feelings both in support of and against his findings. | show 🗑
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| show | Galapogos
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| Organisms varied from one individual to another. Darwin noticed that plant and animal breeders used _______________ ______________ to improve crops and livestock. | show 🗑
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| Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. Ex: domestic animals (dogs, cats) and crop plants | show 🗑
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| individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully | show 🗑
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| show | Fitness
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| Vestigial structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | Vestigial Organs
Ex. humans have appendix that use to help us process a rare meat diet.
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| show | gene pool
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| show | mutations and crossing over (Genetic shuffling that results from sexual reproduction.)
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| show | Relative Frequency
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| show | Natural selection
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| show | disruptive selection
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| show | Stabilizing selection
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| show | Directional selection
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
Mr_Morman
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