CH 1-21 Questions
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| Fires from flammable metals require this type of fire extinguisher | D
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| Rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are endospore forming, are referred to as | Bacilli
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| Beadlike chains of cocci formed after cell division along a single axis are called | Streptococci
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| The causative agent for Lyme disease is a | Spirochete
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| Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily by | Binary fission
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| Fires from combustibles such as wood require this type of fire extinguisher | Type A
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| All of the following are blood borne pathogens in the health care setting except | Hepatitis A
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| Bacteria that use organic compounds as the source of both carbon and energy are referred to as | Chemoheterotrophs
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| Viruses can affect | All organisms
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| Viral capsomeres are composed of sub units called | Protomeres
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| The correct sequence of stages in the multiplication of animal viruses is | Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, release
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| The mold that produces penicillin is an example of | Amensalism
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| The presence of microbes in or on the body is (a) | Contamination
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| A disease that is generally present in a given population is | Endemic
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| This type of infection in which several infectious agents establish themselves at the same site is referred to as a(n) | Mixed infection
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| Typhoid fever | Salmonella
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| Neisseria gonorrhoea | Gonorrhoea
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| Bordetella pertussis | Whooping cough
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| Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Rickettsia rickettsii
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| Gas gangrene | Clostridium perfringens
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| Human papillomavirus | Plantar warts
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| Infectious mononucleosis | Epstein-Barr virus
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| Norovirus | Gastroenteritis
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| Hantavirus | Hemorrhagic fever
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| Human rhinovirus | A Common cold
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| The first step in infection | Adhesion
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| The parenteral route | Surgery
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| Normal flora | Microbiota
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| Multiplication of pathogens in blood | Septicemia
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| Pandemic | Aids
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| Molds belong to which of the following groups of eukaryotic organisms | Fungi
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| Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora | Blood
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| Which of the following lack nucleic acids | Prions
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| Which of the following diseases is generally caused by contaminated food | Shigellosis
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| Protons are | Part of the atomic nucleus
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| The bond between sodium and chlorine atoms in sodium chloride is a(n) | Ionic bond
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| The unit molecules (monomers) of carbohydrates are | Monosaccharides
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| Cytosine always undergoes complementary base pairing with | Guanine
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| The RNA nucleotide base that pairs with adenine of DNA is | Uracil
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| The cell organelles found only in algae and plant cells are | Chloroplast
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| The structures that can move fluid, mucus, or cells over the surface of a cell are | Cilia
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| The fluid like portion of a cell is referred to as | Cytosol
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| The cell organelle responsible for the packaging of proteins is the | Golgi complex
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| Which of the following organisms produces toxins that target cholesterol | Streptococcus pyogenes
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| The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the body after drug administration is called | Pharmacokinetics
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| The most rapid rate of drug absorption is achieve by ____ administration | Intravenous
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| When drug receptors are maximally activated it is referred to as the | Peak effect
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| The specific antidote to botulinum toxin is | Antitoxin
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| Drugs are excreted from the body primarily via the | Kidneys
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| Used for unfixed, unstained specimens, such as living organisms | Dark-field microscopes
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| Most commonly used to observe sectioned and stained tissues, organs, and microorganisms | Bright-field microscopes
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| Used for the study of living plants and animal cells, microorganisms, and thin tissue slices | Phase-contrast microscopes
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| Used in conjunction with fluorescent stains/dyes | Fluorescence microscopes
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| use beam of electrons rather than light | Electron microscopes
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| Do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound cell organelles, 70s ribosomes, DNA and RNA | Prokaryotic cells
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| Have a nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles, 80s ribosomes, DNA and RNA | Eukaryotic cells
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| Describe how foodborne diseases can be prevented | Washing hands with hot, soapy water before food preparation, after using the bathroom, and after changing diapers
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| Keeping raw meat, poultry, seafood, and their juices away from prepared, ready-to-eat foods |
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| Refrigerating foods within 2 hours after cooking. Cold temperatures will slow bacterial grow and multiplication |
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| Sufficiently cleaning all surfaces upon which food is to be prepared |
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| The atomic number equals the number of | Protons
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| A chemical bond in which electrons are equally shared is a(n) | Nonpolar covalent bond
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| The outermost shell of an atom can hold up to ___electrons | 8
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| The bond between amino acids is a(n) | Peptide bond
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| Neutrons are particles with a(n) ___ charge | Neutral/no
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| An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) | Isotope
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| A positively charged ion is a(n) | Cation
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| The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones in the presence of water is called | Hydrolysis
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| A sharing of electrons; strongest bond | Covalent bond
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| Occurs by transfer of electrons | Ionic bonds
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| Attraction of hydrogen atom of one molecule and an oxygen or nitrogen atom of another molecule | Hydrogen bond
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| Unit molecules of are amino acids | Protein
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| Functions of proteins | Membrane proteins: integral and peripheralCan be carrier moleculesEnzymesStructural support
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| DNA pairing adenine is paired with | thymine
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| The cell organelles responsible for the packaging of proteins are the | Golgi complexes
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| The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of | Potassium
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| What is an active transport mechanism | Pinocytosis
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| Cells without a nucleus are ___ cells | Prokaryotic
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| The sterol-like molecules in bacterial plasma membranes are | Hopanoids
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| A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes is a(n) | Lysosomes
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| The organelle necessary for photosynthesis is a(n) | Chloroplasts
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| respiration 3 pathways: Glucose -> pyruvic acid -> acetyl-CoA -> citric acid -> ATP | Aerobic cellular
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| Eukaryotic cells undergo a sequential series of events between cell division | Cell cycle
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| Four phases of cell cycle are | G1, S, G2, and mitosis
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| Four phases of Mitosis | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase; followed by cytokinesis
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| Division of the cytoplasm | Cytokinesis
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| OSHA is a division of the | U.S. Department of Labor
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| There are ___ levels of biosafety depending on the organisms handled | 4
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| The biosafety level necessary in water-testing facilities is level | 1
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| Which of the following bacteria should be handled in a biosafety level 2 facility | Salmonella
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| Ebola viruses need to be handled in which of the following biosafety levels | BSL-4
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| Which of the following eyewash/safety showers should be used for immediate flushing only, until the victim reaches another safety unit | Personal eyewash
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| Ergonomic guidelines for nursing homes are issued by | OSHA
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| CDC stands for the | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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| Dangerous and exotic agents need to be handled in a BSL ___ environment | Level 4
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| The type of fire extinguisher used on fires from flammable liquids such as gasoline would be a type ___ extinguisher | B
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| Provides a continuous water flow | Emergency shower
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| Device permanently connected to a source of portable water | Plumbed and self-contained eyewash units
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| Used for immediate flushing | Personal Eyewash
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| Use to irrigate and flush eyes, face, and body areas | Hand-held drench hose
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| Used to irrigate and flush both the face and the eyes | Eye/face wash
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| A shower combined with an eyewash or eye/face wash | Combination unit
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| Name the different blood-borne pathogens that can be a hazard in healthcare settings | HBC, HCV, HIV, Ebola and Marburg viruses
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| Overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical | Cocci
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| Bacilli that are elongated and spherical; e.g., coccobacilli | Pleomorphic
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| Curved or comma-shaped rod spirals | Vibrios
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| Thick, rigid, spiral organisms | Spirillum
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| Thin, flexible spirals | Spirochetes
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| Typically appear in pairs - one plane (2 rows 1 plane) | Diplococci
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| Cocci arranged in 2 planes in squares of four | Tetrads
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| Cocci arranged in cubes of 8 as a result of division of 3 planes | Sarcina
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| Grapelike clusters formed by cell division in random planes | Staphylococci
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| Paired rods that remain in pairs after division | Diplobacilli
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| Fail to separate after they divide and remains in chains | Streptobacilli
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| Bacteria that use oxygen, but only at low concentration are classified as | Microaerophiles
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| Bacteria have to adapt to medium before cell division | Lag phase
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| The rate of growth increases with time; each cell introduced to medium divides by binary fission | Logarithmic or exponential growth phase
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| Occurs when essential nutrients are depleted or byproducts of metabolism accumulate | Stationary phase
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| Begins when growth stops and the number of dead cells is larger than the number of viable cells | Death phase
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| Acquire energy from light | Phototrophs
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| Acquire energy from chemical compounds | Chemotrophs
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| Backbone for all organic compounds | Carbon
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| Obtain carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide | Autotrophs
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| Use carbon from organic compounds | Heterotrophs
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| Uses sunlight as the energy source; use carbon dioxide as their carbon source | Photoautotrophs
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| Use chemical compounds as the source of energy and carbon dioxide | Chemoautotrophs
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| Use sunlight for energy; use organic compounds as carbon source | Photoheterotrophs
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| Use organic compounds for both the source of energy and a carbon source | Chemoheterotrophs
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| Some bacteria can obtain nitrogen from inorganic compounds such as nitrates | Nitrogen
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| Can be met by organic compounds or inorganic slats or sulfates, sulfides, and thiosulfates | Sulfur and Phosphorus
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| Required in trace amounts | Minerals
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| Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temps 25C to 40C | Mesophiles
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| Soil, human body, animals | Mesophiles
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| Heat-loving organisms;temps 45C or higher | Thermophiles
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| Hot springs, deep sea vents, composts, hay stacks | Thermophiles
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| Cold-loving; optimal growth at 15C | Psychrophiles (cryophiles)
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| Optimal growth range of 25C to 30C | Psychrotrophs
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| Causes food spoilage at refrigeration temps | Psychrotrophs
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| A single base is altered; involves the replacement of one base pair with another | Point shift mutation
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| Insertion or deletion of one or more nuceotide pairs | Frame shift mutation
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| Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorfei belong to the group of | Spirochetes
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| Staphylococci and streptococci are best classified in the group of | Gram-positive cocci
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| Which of the following is a host-dependent bacterium | Mycoplasma
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| DNA molecules in bacterial are | Plasmids Nonchromosomal
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| Transmissible spongiform encephalophaties are caused by | Prion
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| Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by human herpes virus number | 8
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