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Microbiology
CH 1-21 Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fires from flammable metals require this type of fire extinguisher | D |
| Rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are endospore forming, are referred to as | Bacilli |
| Beadlike chains of cocci formed after cell division along a single axis are called | Streptococci |
| The causative agent for Lyme disease is a | Spirochete |
| Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily by | Binary fission |
| Fires from combustibles such as wood require this type of fire extinguisher | Type A |
| All of the following are blood borne pathogens in the health care setting except | Hepatitis A |
| Bacteria that use organic compounds as the source of both carbon and energy are referred to as | Chemoheterotrophs |
| Viruses can affect | All organisms |
| Viral capsomeres are composed of sub units called | Protomeres |
| The correct sequence of stages in the multiplication of animal viruses is | Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, release |
| The mold that produces penicillin is an example of | Amensalism |
| The presence of microbes in or on the body is (a) | Contamination |
| A disease that is generally present in a given population is | Endemic |
| This type of infection in which several infectious agents establish themselves at the same site is referred to as a(n) | Mixed infection |
| Typhoid fever | Salmonella |
| Neisseria gonorrhoea | Gonorrhoea |
| Bordetella pertussis | Whooping cough |
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Rickettsia rickettsii |
| Gas gangrene | Clostridium perfringens |
| Human papillomavirus | Plantar warts |
| Infectious mononucleosis | Epstein-Barr virus |
| Norovirus | Gastroenteritis |
| Hantavirus | Hemorrhagic fever |
| Human rhinovirus | A Common cold |
| The first step in infection | Adhesion |
| The parenteral route | Surgery |
| Normal flora | Microbiota |
| Multiplication of pathogens in blood | Septicemia |
| Pandemic | Aids |
| Molds belong to which of the following groups of eukaryotic organisms | Fungi |
| Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora | Blood |
| Which of the following lack nucleic acids | Prions |
| Which of the following diseases is generally caused by contaminated food | Shigellosis |
| Protons are | Part of the atomic nucleus |
| The bond between sodium and chlorine atoms in sodium chloride is a(n) | Ionic bond |
| The unit molecules (monomers) of carbohydrates are | Monosaccharides |
| Cytosine always undergoes complementary base pairing with | Guanine |
| The RNA nucleotide base that pairs with adenine of DNA is | Uracil |
| The cell organelles found only in algae and plant cells are | Chloroplast |
| The structures that can move fluid, mucus, or cells over the surface of a cell are | Cilia |
| The fluid like portion of a cell is referred to as | Cytosol |
| The cell organelle responsible for the packaging of proteins is the | Golgi complex |
| Which of the following organisms produces toxins that target cholesterol | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the body after drug administration is called | Pharmacokinetics |
| The most rapid rate of drug absorption is achieve by ____ administration | Intravenous |
| When drug receptors are maximally activated it is referred to as the | Peak effect |
| The specific antidote to botulinum toxin is | Antitoxin |
| Drugs are excreted from the body primarily via the | Kidneys |
| Used for unfixed, unstained specimens, such as living organisms | Dark-field microscopes |
| Most commonly used to observe sectioned and stained tissues, organs, and microorganisms | Bright-field microscopes |
| Used for the study of living plants and animal cells, microorganisms, and thin tissue slices | Phase-contrast microscopes |
| Used in conjunction with fluorescent stains/dyes | Fluorescence microscopes |
| use beam of electrons rather than light | Electron microscopes |
| Do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound cell organelles, 70s ribosomes, DNA and RNA | Prokaryotic cells |
| Have a nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles, 80s ribosomes, DNA and RNA | Eukaryotic cells |
| Describe how foodborne diseases can be prevented | Washing hands with hot, soapy water before food preparation, after using the bathroom, and after changing diapers |
| Keeping raw meat, poultry, seafood, and their juices away from prepared, ready-to-eat foods | |
| Refrigerating foods within 2 hours after cooking. Cold temperatures will slow bacterial grow and multiplication | |
| Sufficiently cleaning all surfaces upon which food is to be prepared | |
| The atomic number equals the number of | Protons |
| A chemical bond in which electrons are equally shared is a(n) | Nonpolar covalent bond |
| The outermost shell of an atom can hold up to ___electrons | 8 |
| The bond between amino acids is a(n) | Peptide bond |
| Neutrons are particles with a(n) ___ charge | Neutral/no |
| An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) | Isotope |
| A positively charged ion is a(n) | Cation |
| The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones in the presence of water is called | Hydrolysis |
| A sharing of electrons; strongest bond | Covalent bond |
| Occurs by transfer of electrons | Ionic bonds |
| Attraction of hydrogen atom of one molecule and an oxygen or nitrogen atom of another molecule | Hydrogen bond |
| Unit molecules of are amino acids | Protein |
| Functions of proteins | Membrane proteins: integral and peripheralCan be carrier moleculesEnzymesStructural support |
| DNA pairing adenine is paired with | thymine |
| The cell organelles responsible for the packaging of proteins are the | Golgi complexes |
| The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of | Potassium |
| What is an active transport mechanism | Pinocytosis |
| Cells without a nucleus are ___ cells | Prokaryotic |
| The sterol-like molecules in bacterial plasma membranes are | Hopanoids |
| A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes is a(n) | Lysosomes |
| The organelle necessary for photosynthesis is a(n) | Chloroplasts |
| respiration 3 pathways: Glucose -> pyruvic acid -> acetyl-CoA -> citric acid -> ATP | Aerobic cellular |
| Eukaryotic cells undergo a sequential series of events between cell division | Cell cycle |
| Four phases of cell cycle are | G1, S, G2, and mitosis |
| Four phases of Mitosis | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase; followed by cytokinesis |
| Division of the cytoplasm | Cytokinesis |
| OSHA is a division of the | U.S. Department of Labor |
| There are ___ levels of biosafety depending on the organisms handled | 4 |
| The biosafety level necessary in water-testing facilities is level | 1 |
| Which of the following bacteria should be handled in a biosafety level 2 facility | Salmonella |
| Ebola viruses need to be handled in which of the following biosafety levels | BSL-4 |
| Which of the following eyewash/safety showers should be used for immediate flushing only, until the victim reaches another safety unit | Personal eyewash |
| Ergonomic guidelines for nursing homes are issued by | OSHA |
| CDC stands for the | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Dangerous and exotic agents need to be handled in a BSL ___ environment | Level 4 |
| The type of fire extinguisher used on fires from flammable liquids such as gasoline would be a type ___ extinguisher | B |
| Provides a continuous water flow | Emergency shower |
| Device permanently connected to a source of portable water | Plumbed and self-contained eyewash units |
| Used for immediate flushing | Personal Eyewash |
| Use to irrigate and flush eyes, face, and body areas | Hand-held drench hose |
| Used to irrigate and flush both the face and the eyes | Eye/face wash |
| A shower combined with an eyewash or eye/face wash | Combination unit |
| Name the different blood-borne pathogens that can be a hazard in healthcare settings | HBC, HCV, HIV, Ebola and Marburg viruses |
| Overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical | Cocci |
| Bacilli that are elongated and spherical; e.g., coccobacilli | Pleomorphic |
| Curved or comma-shaped rod spirals | Vibrios |
| Thick, rigid, spiral organisms | Spirillum |
| Thin, flexible spirals | Spirochetes |
| Typically appear in pairs - one plane (2 rows 1 plane) | Diplococci |
| Cocci arranged in 2 planes in squares of four | Tetrads |
| Cocci arranged in cubes of 8 as a result of division of 3 planes | Sarcina |
| Grapelike clusters formed by cell division in random planes | Staphylococci |
| Paired rods that remain in pairs after division | Diplobacilli |
| Fail to separate after they divide and remains in chains | Streptobacilli |
| Bacteria that use oxygen, but only at low concentration are classified as | Microaerophiles |
| Bacteria have to adapt to medium before cell division | Lag phase |
| The rate of growth increases with time; each cell introduced to medium divides by binary fission | Logarithmic or exponential growth phase |
| Occurs when essential nutrients are depleted or byproducts of metabolism accumulate | Stationary phase |
| Begins when growth stops and the number of dead cells is larger than the number of viable cells | Death phase |
| Acquire energy from light | Phototrophs |
| Acquire energy from chemical compounds | Chemotrophs |
| Backbone for all organic compounds | Carbon |
| Obtain carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide | Autotrophs |
| Use carbon from organic compounds | Heterotrophs |
| Uses sunlight as the energy source; use carbon dioxide as their carbon source | Photoautotrophs |
| Use chemical compounds as the source of energy and carbon dioxide | Chemoautotrophs |
| Use sunlight for energy; use organic compounds as carbon source | Photoheterotrophs |
| Use organic compounds for both the source of energy and a carbon source | Chemoheterotrophs |
| Some bacteria can obtain nitrogen from inorganic compounds such as nitrates | Nitrogen |
| Can be met by organic compounds or inorganic slats or sulfates, sulfides, and thiosulfates | Sulfur and Phosphorus |
| Required in trace amounts | Minerals |
| Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temps 25C to 40C | Mesophiles |
| Soil, human body, animals | Mesophiles |
| Heat-loving organisms;temps 45C or higher | Thermophiles |
| Hot springs, deep sea vents, composts, hay stacks | Thermophiles |
| Cold-loving; optimal growth at 15C | Psychrophiles (cryophiles) |
| Optimal growth range of 25C to 30C | Psychrotrophs |
| Causes food spoilage at refrigeration temps | Psychrotrophs |
| A single base is altered; involves the replacement of one base pair with another | Point shift mutation |
| Insertion or deletion of one or more nuceotide pairs | Frame shift mutation |
| Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorfei belong to the group of | Spirochetes |
| Staphylococci and streptococci are best classified in the group of | Gram-positive cocci |
| Which of the following is a host-dependent bacterium | Mycoplasma |
| DNA molecules in bacterial are | Plasmids Nonchromosomal |
| Transmissible spongiform encephalophaties are caused by | Prion |
| Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by human herpes virus number | 8 |
Created by:
Slmallory83
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