640-461
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| analog signal | A method of signaling that uses properties of the transmission medium to convey sound characteristics, such as using electrical properties to convey the characteristics of voice.
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| loop start signaling | A method of signaling that relies on connecting the tip and ring wires connecting to a device to complete an electrical circuit; typically used in devices connecting to the PSTN.
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| ground start signaling | A method of signaling that relies on grounding wires connecting to a device to signal a new call; typically used in PBX systems to avoid glare.
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| glare | An instance in which a user picks up a phone and connects unexpectedly to an incoming call.
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| time-division multiplexing (TDM) | A method of transmitting multiple channels of voice or data over a single digital connection by sending data in specific time slots.
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| channel associated signaling (CAS) | A method of digital signaling in which signaling information is transmitted using the same bandwidth as the voice.
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| common channel signaling (CCS) | A method of signaling in which information is transmitted using a separate, dedicated signaling channel.
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| robbed bit signaling (RBS) | An implementation of channel associated signaling (CAS) that steals the eighth bit of every sixth frame of a digital T1 circuit for signaling information.
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| Q.931 | A signaling protocol used by ISDN CCS implementations.
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| local loop | The PSTN link between the customer premises (such as a home or business) and the telecommunications service provider.
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| private branch exchange (PBX) | A system that allows a company to run an internal, private voice network; PBX systems are usually used in larger companies and provide unique extensions to all devices.
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| key system | A system that allows a company to run a private, internal voice network; key systems are usually used in smaller companies and provide shared-line extensions to all devices, although many key systems now provide unique extensions to all devices.
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| Signaling System 7 (SS7) | The protocol used within the telephony service provider network to provide inter-CO communication and call routing.
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| E.164 | An international numbering plan created by the ITU and adopted for use on the PSTN.
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| quantization | The process of assigning analog signals a numeric value that can be transported over a digital network.
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| Nyquist theorem | Describes the method of converting analog audio signals into digital format by sampling at twice the highest frequency of the audio.
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| mean opinion score (MOS) | A subjective method of determining voice quality; listeners hear a phrase read over a voice network and rate the quality of the audio on a scale of 1 to 5.
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| G.711 | Uncompressed audio codec consuming 64 kbps of bandwidth.
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| G.726 | Compressed audio codec consuming 32 kbps of bandwidth.
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| G.728 | Compressed audio codec consuming 16 kbps of bandwidth.
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| G.729 | Compressed audio codec consuming 8 kbps of bandwidth.
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| Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) | The UDP-based protocol responsible for transporting audio packets; uses random, even-numbered UDP ports from 16,384 to 32,767 for communication.
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| Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) | The UDP-based protocol responsible for transporting audio statistics; uses random, odd-numbered UDP ports from 16,384 to 32,767 for communication.
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| Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) | The multiserver call processing platform that is able to support up to 30,000 users per cluster.
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| Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express (CME) | The call processing platform that is able to support up to 250 users (depending on router hardware).
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| Cisco Unity Connection | The single-server unified messaging platform that is capable of supporting up to 7,500 users.
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| Cisco Unified Presence | Provides status and reachability information for the users of the voice network.
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| Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP) | Cisco-proprietary voice-signaling protocol used to control Cisco IP phones.
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| Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) | Voice-signaling protocol created by the IETF as a lightweight alternative to H.323.
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| Internet Telephony Service Provider (ITSP) | Provides VoIP trunk connectivity to the PSTN to provide a cost savings over traditional telephony service providers (TSP).
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| digital signal processors (DSP) |
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| Cisco Unity Express (CUE) | The unified messaging platform that is integrated into a Cisco Unified CME router; capable of supporting up to 250 users.
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| interactive voice response (IVR) | An automated system that provides a recorded, automated process to callers accessing your voice network.
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| Voice Profile for Internet Mail (VPIM) | A feature that allows one voicemail system to exchange messages with another voicemail system.
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| 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) | Industry-standard method of supplying power over an Ethernet cable to attached devices.
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| Cisco Inline Power | Cisco-proprietary, prestandard method of supplying power over an Ethernet cable to attached devices.
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| Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) | Protocol that allows Cisco devices to discover other, directly attached Cisco devices. Switches also use CDP to send voice VLAN information to attached IP phones.
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| virtual LAN (VLAN) | A configuration used to break a switch into multiple broadcast domains and IP subnets.
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| trunking | A Cisco-proprietary protocol that replicates VLAN database information to all switches participating in the same VTP domain.
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| 802.1Q | An industry-standard trunking protocol that allows traffic for multiple VLANs to be sent between switches.
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| Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) | Allows switches to dynamically negotiate trunk links.
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| Network Time Protocol (NTP) | Synchronizes the clock of a network device to a more accurate NTP server.
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| Dialed Number Identification Service (DNIS) | Describes dialed number information delivered to a voice processing device. Closely related to Automatic Number Identification (ANI), which identifies caller ID information.
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| Automatic Number Identification (ANI) | Describes caller ID information delivered to a voice-processing device.
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| dial-peer | Logical configuration used to define dial plan information on a Cisco router.
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| Foreign Exchange Station (FXS) ports | Analog interfaces that allow you to connect a legacy analog telephony device to a VoIP network.
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| Foreign Exchange Office (FXO) ports | Analog interfaces that allow you to connect a VoIP network to legacy telephony networks such as the PSTN or a PBX system.
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| Private Line Automatic Ringdown (PLAR) | A configuration used to enable “immediate dial” applications, such as a phone that immediately dials an emergency number when a user lifts the handset.
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| Direct Inward Dial (DID) | A voice configuration that allows users from the PSTN to dial directly into an individual phone at an organization without passing through a receptionist or automated attendant application.
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| Class of Restriction (COR) | The method used to implement calling restrictions in the CME environment. An inbound COR list assigns privileges, whereas an outgoing COR list restricts calling.
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| local directory | The directory that is built automatically by the CME router as you define caller ID information for the ephone-dns.
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| H.450.3 | Industry-standard method of forwarding calls without hairpinning.
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| H.450.2 | Industry-standard method of transferring calls without hairpinning.
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| hairpinning | A problem that occurs when a call is transferred or forwarded from one IP phone to another that keeps the audio path established (or hairpinned) through the original IP phone; this tends to cause QoS issues with the call.
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| call park | A Cisco Unified CME feature that allows you to park a call on hold in a virtual “parking spot” until it can be retrieved.
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| call pickup | A Cisco Unified CME feature that allows you to answer another ringing phone in the network.
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| directed pickup | A method used with call pickup to answer a phone directly by dialing the extension number of the ringing phone.
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| local group pickup | A method used with call pickup to answer a ringing phone from within the local group of an IP phone.
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| other group pickup | A method used with call pickup to answer a ringing phone from another group number, which must be specified after pressing the GPickUp softkey.
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| Single Number Reach | A feature that allows users to have incoming calls ring another, preconfigured number after a defined time limit. Single number reach also allows for mobility, which allows the transfer of an active call to or from the same, preconfigured number.
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| role (CUCM) | Defines a set of privileges to an application’s resources. Privileges may be defined as No Access, Read, or Update.
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| resource | May be an administrative web page, part of a web page, or a tool or interface within an application.
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