MEDT 208 Urinalysis: fecal analysis study objectives
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| What is the mechanism of secretory diarrhea? | show 🗑
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| What is the mechanism of osmotic diarrhea? | show 🗑
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| show | Both result in abnormally increased qty of food to large intestine. Food is osmotically active, which cause retention of large qty water and electrolytes in intestinal lumen = diarrhea.
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| show | Inability to convert food into readily absorbable substances. Pancreatic digestive enzymes or bile salts for fat emulsion & lipase activation missing/deficient.
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| What is malabsorption? | show 🗑
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| show | The difference between measured & calculated fecal osmolality.
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| What is the osmolar gap value for osmotic diarrhea? | show 🗑
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| What is the osmolar gap value for secretory diarrhea? | show 🗑
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| show | Brown, formed, unremarkable odor, cylindrical or tubular shape.
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| show | Post-hepatic obstruction OR barium
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| What causes red stool? | show 🗑
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| show | Blood from upper GI, Iron, charcoal, bismuth
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| show | Green veggies, biliverdin (antibiotic therapy)
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| show | Constipation/dehydration
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| show | Increased fecal water content
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| What causes watery stools? | show 🗑
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| What causes narrow, ribbon-like stools? | show 🗑
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| show | Constipation
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| What causes bulky stools? | show 🗑
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| show | differential diagnosis of diarrhea; or detect invasive, inflammatory conditions.
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| What is the basic procedure for qualitative assessment of fecal fat using a microscopic examination? | show 🗑
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| show | red-orange
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| What is the clinical utility of quantitative fecal fat tests? | show 🗑
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| show | Increased neutral fats
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| show | Normal fats + Increased total fats
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| List at least five causes of blood in feces. | show 🗑
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| show | Importance of fecal occult blood detection: recommended annual screening for colorectal cancer.
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| What is the principle of the Guiac-based test for fecal occult blood? | show 🗑
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| What is the principal of the Immmunochemical test for fecal blood? | show 🗑
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| What is the principle of the Apt test (fetal hemoglobin)? | show 🗑
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| What is the key sample requirement for the Apt test? | show 🗑
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| A pink supernatant in the Apt test indicates? | show 🗑
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| show | Maternal Hgb present, degraded by NaOH
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| What effect does disaccharidase deficiency has on fecal characteristics and formation? | show 🗑
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| State two methods for the qualitative detection of abnormal quantities of fecal carbohydrates. | show 🗑
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| show | Differentiate carb metabolism VS. carb maldigestion.
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| show | D-xylose is normally easily absorbed by the intestines. When problems with absorption occur, D-xylose is not absorbed by the intestines, and its level in blood and urine is low.
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| show | Sudan III staining
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| show | quantitative fecal fat
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| Describe the appearance of the stool specimens if steatorrhea is present. | show 🗑
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| If a pancreatic insufficiency is suspected, what two tests that can be performed on a stool specimen to aid in the diagnosis. | show 🗑
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| show | CF mutation panel; Sweat chloride; Nasal (transepithelial) Potential Difference (NPD)
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| A 70-year-old woman suffering from arthritis takes the occult blood screening test as part of a routine physical. The results of all three specimens are positive for occult blood. What's a possible nonpatholgic cause for the unexpected results? | show 🗑
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| Bob is a 50-year-old man advised by the doctor to lose 30 lb. He has been doing well on a high-protein, low carbohydrate diet. Two of his three specimens are positive for occult blood. What is a possible nonpathologic cause for the unexpected results? | show 🗑
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| show | Apt (hemoglobin already denatured)
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| show | Infant ingested maternal blood
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| show | Muscle fibers
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| What is the fecal test that requires a 3-day specimen? (Fecal occult blood, APT test, Elastase I, Quantitative fecal fat testing) | show 🗑
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| show | Neutral fats
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| show | Is not visibly apparent in the stool specimen
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| What is the recommended number of samples that should be tested to screen for occult blood result? | show 🗑
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| show | Hemoquant
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| show | Colorectal cancer
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| Tests for the detection of "occult" blood rely on the: | show 🗑
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| show | Fetal hemoglobin is present.
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