Ch. 12 (Quiz 3)
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| Fick's law in relation to gas exchange | Gas diffuses at a rate directly proportional to tissue area and the pressure gradient of the gases on both sides of the membrane
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| tidal volume | air volume moved during either the inspiratory or expiratory phase of breathing cycle
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| inspiratory reserve volume | reserve ability for inspiration
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| expiratory reserve volume | the amount of air left when subject exhales, then continues to exhale and force out additional air
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| forced vital capacity | total volume of air voluntarily moved in one breath
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| residual lung volume | air volume remaining in lungs after exhaling as deeply as possible
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| total lung capacity (TLC) | = RLV(residual lung volume) + FVC(forced vital capacity)
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| helium dilution method | way to indirectly measure RLV; subject exhales normally then rebreathes a known helium mixture for 5 mins
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| oxygen dilution method | more rapid assessment of RLV than helium dilution; determines RLV from dilution of lung's original nitrogen concentration, achieved by rapidly rebreathing a volume of 5 L of 100% oxygen
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| maximum voluntary ventilation | evaluates ventilatory capacity with rapid and deep breathing for 15 secs.
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| minute ventilation | volume of air breathed each minute; MINUTE VENTILATION = BREATHING RATE X TIDAL VOLUME
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| ventilation-perfusion ratio | a ratio signifying that alveolar ventilation matches each liter of pulmonary blood flow
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| dyspnea | inordinate shortness of breath or subjective distress in breathing
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| Valsalva maneuver | forced exhalation against a closed glottis; can cause an acute drop in BP
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