Keywords for Evidence Based Practices for Healthcare Chapter 1
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| Thalidomide | a sedative hypnotic drug that was originally used to treat morning sickness & help pregnant women sleep; causes phocomelia in infants (seal-limb).
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| Phocomelia | a birth defect in which the long bones of the arms and legs don't form properly such that the hand or foot attaches to the body by a short stump resembling a flipper.
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| Evidence-based practice (EBP) | process of combining best available research evidence with your knowledge and skill to make collaborative, patient or population-centered decisions w/in context of a given healthcare situation.
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| Translational critical thinking | Application of critical thinking where theoretical skills & concepts of critical thinking are enacted to solve real-world, ill-structured problems; Requires self-awareness, intellectual humility, self-direction & active learning.
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| USPSTF (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) | agency w/in AHRQ; independent group of national experts in prevention & evidence-based medicine that work improve health of all Americans by making evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services (screenings, counseling, preventive).
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| Mortality | death, or rate death associated with a given health problem or intervention
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| Morbidity | diseased state/illness
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| Surrogate Outcome | process of using one outcome to reflect another
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| Outcomes that matter | clinically relevant outcomes provide direct measures of functioning or disease; includes other outcomes that patients & providers care about; (mortality, quality of life, cost, patient function).
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| Focused clinical questions | questions formulated around a clinical information need; 3 elements: (1) specific conditioner outcome; (2) patient demographics; (3) patient risk factors
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| Prospective EBP | Seeking information in advance, rather than only in response to patient encounters. Developing your knowledge & drawing on it in clinical situations. Making habit of searching for latest developments in your areas of interest and practice (AKA "scanning")
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| Concurrent EBP | Looking up information in response to clinical questions & using that information to make decisions regarding an individual patient. (may occur while pt is in in clinic).
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| Retrospective EBP | looking up information subsequent to a clinical encounter
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| Critical appraisal | Process of evaluating trustworthiness & relevance of a resource w/in context of a given clinical situation. (Potential sources of bias, sample representation, method consistency in regards to question explored, common sense of a study.)
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| Secondary literature | summary, interpretation, evaluation of primary literature, such as traditional literature review. Practice guidelines & position papers may also fall int his category depending on sources used.
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| Tertiary literature | distilled collection of primary and secondary sources (textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias).
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| Etiology | the science and study of causes of illness, AKA "pathogenesis"
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| Risk factors | exposure or attribute that is associated with but not the cause of a given outcome of interest
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| Prognosis | predicted outcome of a disease or disorder, usually expressed interns of length of time until a specific outcome, such as full-recovery, limited recovery, or mortality.
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| Practice guideline | Document related to specific disease/disorder put together by expert working group w/recommendations for dx and treatment. Some use procedures of a systematic review & represent best available evidence. Other practice guidelines are expert opinion only.
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| Objective Data | information you observe or measure
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| Subjective data | patient's perceptions
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| Evidence pyramids | visual representation & system for categorizing healthcare information according to level of evidence. Top level represents highest level of evidence, those resources considered most trustworthy.
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| POEMs | Patient Oriented Evidence that Matters; high-level information sources, (print journals, online point-of-care resources), focused on a single clinical question & provide careful review of best available evidence to address the question.
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| Overweight | classified by CDC inoculates as BMI of 25.0-29.9
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| Body Mass Index (BMI) | a measure of body fat based on height & weight that applies to adult men & women
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