Types of joints
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| kinesiology | the study of movement
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| joint articulation | the connecting point of two bones
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| arthrology | the study of joints
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| 3 classifications of joints | synarthroses
amphiarthroses
diarthroses / synovial
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| synarthroses joints | immovable joints that lack a synovial and are held together by fibrous connective tissue
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| sutures (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | joints where a thin layer of dense, fibrous connective tissue unites the bones of the skull
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| syndesmosis (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | slightly movable joints where bones are connected by ligaments
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| gomphonses (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | immovable joints in which conical process fits into a socket held in place by ligaments
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| amphiarthroses joints | slightly movable joints connected by fibrocartilage (ex. ulna and radius or fibula and tibia)
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| fibrocartilage | speciailized connective tissue with thick collagen fibers
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| diarthroses joints | freely movable joints; also known as synovial joints
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| synovial joints | freely movable joints; also known as diarthroses joints
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| articular cartilage | connective tissue covering the ends of long bones
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| synovial membrane | a double layer of connective tissue lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid
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| synovial fluid | a lubricating substance found in joint cavities
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| pivot joint | a freely movable joint in which a bone moves around a central axis, creating rotational movement
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| gliding joint | a freely movable joint that allows bones to make a sliding motion (Ex. carpals of the wrist and the tarsals of the ankles)
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| hinge joint | a freely movable joint that allows flexion and extension (Ex. knee, elbow, and phalanges)
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| concave | a half-circle-shaped indentation to a surface
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| convex | a half-circle-shaped protrusion on a surface
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| condyloid or ellipsoidal joint | freely movable joints that allow bones to move about one another in many different directions, but not to rotate (Ex. bones in palm of hand, fingers)
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| ball-and-socket joints | freely movable joints in which a rounded end of one bone fits into an indented end of another bone; allows the widest range of motion
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| saddle joint | a freely movable joint between two bones with complementary shapes; allows a wide range of motion (thumb is the only saddle joint)
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