Diego
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| The antigens of the Diego blood group are carried on this important protein | band 3 protein, lies in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane.
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| What is the function of the band 3 protein? | chloride/bicarbonate exchanger involved in carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs. It also is found in the kidney, where it is involved in acid secretion
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| Mutations in the gene that encodes the Diego antigens, SLC4A1, can cause these RBC morphologic changes | These mutations can result in RBCs with an abnormal membrane (hereditary ovalocytosis and spherocytosis) and kidneys that are defective in secreting acid (renal tubule acidosis).
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| Frequency of Diego antigens | Dia is found mainly in populations of Mongolian descent.
It is found in 36% of South American Indians, 12% of Japanese, and 12% of Chinese, whereas it is rare in Caucasians and Blacks (0.01%).
Dib is found universally in most populations
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| Frequency of Diego phenotypes | Di(a-b+) is found in >99.9% of Caucasians and Blacks and >90% of Asians.
Di(a+b+) found in <0.1% of Caucasians and Blacks and in 10% Asians.
Di(a+b-) found in <0.01% Caucasians, Blacks, and Asians.
Di(a-b-) found in 1 case only
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| Antibodies produced against Diego antigens: isotype? | Anti-Dia and anti-Dib is IgG; anti-Wra is IgG or IgM
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| Do Antibodies produced against Diego antigens cause Transfusion reactions? | Yes
Anti-Dia and anti-Dib are capable of causing a moderate to severe delayed transfusion reaction. Anti-Wra can cause an immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction
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| Do Antibodies produced against Diego antigens cause Hemolytic disease of the newborn? | Yes
Anti-Dia and anti-Wra can cause severe disease.
Anti-Dib tends to cause mild hemolytic disease
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| expression of Diego antigens is limited to RBCs and this organ | expression of Diego antigens is limited to RBCs and the kidney (in the distal tubule and the collecting tubule).
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