Infection Control
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| What is Asepsis? | The creation of an environment free of pathogens.
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| What is universal precautions? | All patients are treated as if they are infected.
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| What are standard precautions? | Universal precautions and body substance isolations techniques.
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| When are standard precautions utilized? | Prior to, during, and after each procedure in the dental office.
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| What does OSHA stand for? | Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
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| What does OSHA do? | Enforces requirements that employers must protect employees from exposure to blood and OPIM.
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| What is OPIM? | Other Potentially Infectious Materials.
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| What is the EPA? | Environmental Protection Agency.
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| What does the EPA regulate | Safety and effectiveness of disinfecting and sterilizing solutions and disposal of hazardous waste after it leaves the dental office.
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| What is OSAP? | Organization for safety and asepsis procedures, composed of dental health care workers that help dental offices with infection control.
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| What is the chain of infection? | Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
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| What is one of the most important ways to prevent the transfer of microorganisms? | Hand washing.
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| Define antimicrobial. | A microorganism growth inhibitor.
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| What is the minimum time to complete a handwash? | 15 seconds.
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| What is the best way to dry washed hands? | Disposable paper towels.
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| What is PPE? | Personal Protective Equipment.
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| What is the PPE worn in the dental office? | Protective eyewear, gloves, mask, protective clothing, barriers.
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| What type of protection does eyewear require? | Front, top, and side protection.
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| Who should have protective eyewear? | Dentist, dental assistant, and patient.
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| What type of glove is used for most procedures. | Latex/vinyl= Exam gloves.
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| Can gloves be washed and reused? | yes, utility.
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| What type of glove is used for surgical procedures? | Sterile surgical gloves.
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| What are food handler gloves called in the dental office? | Overgloves.
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| How are food handler gloves used in the dental office? | Placed over the latex or vinyl gloves to prevent cross contamination.
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| Why are utility gloves used in the dental office? | Used during disinfection and clean up procedures.
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| Why are mask worn in a dental office? | To protect the mucous membrane of the nose and mouth.
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| What are the standards for wearing a mask? | Fits snugly against face, and stays in place during procedure, change after each procedure.
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| Describe the protective clothing worn in a dental office. | Uniforms, laboratory coats, gowns, and clinical jackets.
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| How should contaminated protective clothing be removed? | Keep the side of clothing that is possibly contaminated with pathogens folded inward.
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| Define cleaning. | The physical removal of organic material such as blood, tissue, and debris.
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| Define disinfection. | Occurs when SOME microorganisms are destroyed.
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| Define sterilization. | ALL forms of microorganisms are destroyed.
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| What is the accepted technique for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces. | Spay-wipe spray-wipe technique.
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| What does high-level disinfection kill? | Most but not all bacterial spores.
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| What does intermediate-level disinfection kill? | Does not kill bacterial spores.
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| What does low-level disinfection kill? | Viruses, and fungi, and most bacterial microorganisms.
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| What does the different disinfection materials irritate? | Skin, eyes, and mucous membrane.
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| Why is sodium hypochlorite not used often in the dental office? | Solution is unstable, needs to mixed daily.
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| Why is alcohol not used as a disinfection agent? | It evaporates so quick that its difficult to have surface contact for the length of time necessary to be effective, Only cleans.
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| What is a holding bath? | A pre-cleaning, A solution that loosens hardened debris from the instruments prior to cleaning and sterilization.
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| Can a holding bath disinfect instruments? | It cannot disinfect, Just starts the process.
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| How does the ultrasonic cleaner work? | Sound waves travel through glass and metal using a special solution to clean debris from instruments.
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| Define cavitation process. | Bubbles are formed, bubbles Implode and produce a cleaning effect, takes 3-10 minutes.
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| What replaces hand scrubbing instruments? | Ultrasonic cleaning.
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| What needs to be done to the instruments after they are cleaned in the ultrasonic and before they are put into the sterilization package? | Rinsed and dried thoroughly and may also be placed in an alcohol bath to assist in the drying process.
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| How long does liquid chemical disinfectant take to sterilize? | 6-10 hours at room temp.
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| What happens if something is added to the liquid chemical during the sterilization process? | The process is started over.
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| How does the autoclave sterilize? | Uses steam under pressure to quickly sterilize items.
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| What is the preferred method of sterilization for instruments with sharp cutting edges? | Dryheat sterilization.
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| Which sterilizing method uses distilled water? | Steam under pressure. Also known as the autoclave.
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| What can cause sterilization failure? | Rinsing with water that is not sterilized, wrapping instrument improperly, and overloading.
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| What does a hissing sound mean on a sterilizer? | The gasket around the door may be damaged.
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| What is the best way to maintain sterile instruments? | Store instrument in bag they were sterilized in.
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| What is the most accurate way to ensure that sterilization has occurred? | Biological monitors.
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| What shows that the package was exposed to heat in a sterilizer? | Process monitors.
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| What are other infection control techniques? | Pre- procedure antiseptic mouth rinses, high volume evacuation, dental dam usage, disposable items.
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| What is the most common pre-procedure mouth rinse used in the dental office? | 12% chlorhexidine gluconate.
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| What minimizes aerosol spray from hand pieces? | High volume Evacuation.
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| What are disposable items? | Single use items.
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| What area in the dental office can be overlooked and cross contamination can occur? | Dental radiography room and equipment, and Lab.
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| True or false? Latex allergens can result in contact dermatitis | True.
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| What is the principal organization for dentistry in the united states? | ADA.
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| Name the agency that is part of the U.S. public health service, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is a source of many regulations. | CDC.
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| What does CDC stand for? | Center for Disease Control.
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| What does ADA stand for? | American Dental Association.
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| An employee that would have any occupational exposure to blood would be what category? | Category 1.
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| Items in the dental office such as sterilizers and PPE are regulated by? | FDA.
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| What cycle is perpetuated when pathogens are allowed to pass from Dentist to patient or patient to Dentist? | Cross-contamination.
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| One of the primary concerns of handwashing is to? | Remove the transient microorganisms, because they constitute the group that includes hepatitis.
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| Who developed a standard for the design and characteristics of occupational eyewear/glasses? | ANSI.
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| Uses heat at 340 degrees F? | Dry Heat.
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| Uses 250 degrees F? | Steam Autoclave.
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| Requires 10 hours in solution. | Liquid chemical disinfectant.
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| Must be 270 degrees F. | Chemical Vapor.
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