USIDMS LE Venous Insufficiency
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| What is the congenital absence or malfunction of valves? (Rare!) | Primary Venous Insufficiency/Venous Incompetence
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| Secondary venous insufficiency is caused what state? | Post-phlebitic (damage to valves secondary to thrombosis and/or venous outflow obstruction)
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| Why does venous insufficiency often cause ulcerations? | Pressure continuously builds up and eventually breaks down the tissue
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| What carries approximately 15% of venous blood volume in the leg? (HINT: No adjacent artery) | Great Saphenous Vein (GSV)
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| What vein is found on the posterior aspect of the calf? (HINT: Typical confluence is at popliteal vein) | Small Saphenous Vein (SSV)
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| What is the typical direction of flow between the superficial and deep venous systems? | Superficial -> Deep
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| There is no chronic outflow obstruction if what two veins are compressible? | CFV & Popliteal Vein
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| What is a feasible alternative to the Valsalva maneuver if the patient cannot hold their breath or other outstanding circumstances are present? | Proximal Compression (Augmentation)
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| What is the patient positioning for a reflux study when standing is not plausible? | Semi-Fowler's position (patient's head elevated and legs lowered)
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| What are two patient contraindications to standing during these exams? | Fainting, motion sickness, dizziness, nausea (Name 2)
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| Distal augmentation should take place approximately how far below the evaluated vein? | 6-8 inches
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| What is a histogram? | Doppler display
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| Where do you want your Valsalva maneuver to appear on your spectral Doppler screen? | Middle of the display screen
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| How can you be certain there is reflux present in your patient? | See reflux in both maneuvers
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| How many seconds of reflux post maneuver classifies your patient as having the worst (Grade 4) reflux? | Over 6 seconds post maneuver
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| Where do perforating veins course from? | Superficial to deep veins
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| Where should you measure perforating veins if you see them large enough to note? | Measure at the place they run through the deep fascia
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| What ablation procedure does not have an immediate effect, and can even take as long as a couple of weeks to see results? | Radiofrequency Method
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| What ablation method is more effective than radiofrequency and shows results immediately? | Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT)
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| What method involves painful injections, a temporary fix, and is merely cosmetic? | Sclerotherapy
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