Autonomic Nervous System 1
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls constriction of the eyes? | N III
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls salivation? | N. IX
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls constriction of trachea and bronchi | N. X
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the pupils do? | Constrict
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the lungs do? | Constriction of trachea and bronchi
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| n the parasympathetic nervous system, what does the heart rate do? |
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| n the parasympathetic nervous system, what does the stomach and intestines do? | Increased motility and secretions, promoting digestion, relaxation of the sphincters
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| n the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the arteries and veins do? | Decreased blood pressure and redistribution of blood flow toward the GI tract
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| Where do the parasympathetic nerves originate? | N. III, VII, IX and X, and sacral (S2 and S4) sections of the spinal cord
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, where are the ganglia or plexuses in relation to the end organs? | Close to the end organs
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the pre-ganglionic neurons long or short? | Long
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the post-ganglionic neurons long or short? | Short
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the pre-ganglionic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated? | Mostly myelinated
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| In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the post-ganglionic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated? | Generally unmyelinated
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| What neurotransmitter does the pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release? | acetylcholine
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| What neurotransmitter does the post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release? | acetylcholine
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| What are the muscarinic effects on the parasympathetic nerves? | SLUDGE-BBB (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation/diaphoresis, GastroEmesis, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia)
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| Which is longer, parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves or sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves? | sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves
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| Which is shorter parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves or sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves? | parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves
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| Why are parasympathetic nervous transmissions faster? | The pre-ganglionic nerve is longer and myelinated, therefore the signal travels most of the distance on the myelinated nerve, which is faster.
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| Which symptoms would you expect if parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated? | SLUDGE-BBB (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation/diaphoresis, GastroEmesis, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia), Except diaphoresis
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| Which symptoms would you expect if the parasympathetic nervous system is blocked? | Dry mouth (decreased salivation), urinary retention, constipation, overheating (decreased sweating), increased blood pressure, bronchodilation, less mucous production
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| A child ate a drug and shows bradychardia, miosis, diarrhea, and salivation. Is this combination likely? | Yes, SLUDGE-BBB, so it is stimulation of the parasympathetic system
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| A child ate a drug and shows bradychardia, miosis, diarrhea, and salivation. What type of drug was it? | Muscarinic agonist
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| A child ate some berries and shows tachycardia, mydriasis, dry mouth and diarrhea. Is this possible? | No, the diarrhea is not consistent
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| In the sympathetic nervous system, what do the pupils do? | Dilate (to see better)
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| In the sympathetic nervous system, what do the lungs do? | Relaxation of trachea and bronchi to facilitate respiration
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| n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the heart rate do? | Increased heart rate and force of beating
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| n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the stomach and intestines do? | Decreased motility and sphincter constriction
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| n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the arteries and veins do? | vasoconstriction in the viscera and skin; vasodilation in skeletal muscle
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| Where do the sympathetic nerves originate? | T1 to T12, L1, and L2
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| n the sympathetic nervous system, what do the sweat glands do? | increased secretion
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| n the sympathetic nervous system, what do the piloerctor muscles do? | Constriction
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| n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the adipose tissue do? | Increased lipolysis
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| What vertebrate are included in the paravertebral chain? | T1-L2
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| What vertebrate are included in the prevertebral chain? | 1-3
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| In the sympathetic nervous system, what does the metabolism do? |
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| Where do the sympathetic nerves synapse? | In paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia, or in adrenal medulla
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| What neurotransmitter do the pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves release? | acetylcholine
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| What neurotransmitter do the post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves release? | Norepinephrine
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| What is the dominant nervous system branch in the heart, and what is the effect? | Parasympathetic, decreased heart rate
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| What is the dominant nervous system branch in the bronchi, and what is the effect? | Parasympathetic, constricted
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| What is the dominant nervous system branch in the ciliary muscle and what is the effect? | Parasympathetic, accommodation
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| What is the dominant nervous system branch in the veins and arterioles and what is the effect? | Sympathetic, constriction of the visceral and skin, dilation of the skeletal
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| What is the dominant nervous system branch in the GI tract and what is the effect? | Parasmpathetic, increased motility
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| Which symptoms would you expect if the sympathetic nervous symptom is stimulated by a drug? | Increased bp; tachycardia; accommodation; decreased motility, salivation, urination, bronchodilation, increased sweating, higher inotropy, dilation of veins in skeletal muscle, constriction of veins in viscera and skin, mydriasis,
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| Which symptoms would you expect if the sympathetic NS is blocked by a drug? | Decrease in bp, decrease in heart rate, difficulty breathing, diarrhea
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| Which neurotransmitter is released by most postganglionic sympathetic terminals? | norephinephrine
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| Which neurotransmitter is released by most preganglionic sympathetic terminals? | acetylcholine
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| What does activation of the parsympathetic nevous system do to blood pressure? | It activates the orthostatic reflex
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| What is the orthostatic reflex? | BP low at the baroreceptors causes activation of the sypathetic nervous system, heart rate increase and conractility increase and vasoconstriction of the skin, causing bp to rise
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| What is orthostatic hypotension? | The orthostatic reflex does not kick in and you get dizzy and may faint
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| Which nervouse system couse salivation and secretion of digestive juices when you smell food? | parasympathetic
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| Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic fibers in the parsympathetic division of the ANS? | acetylcholine
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| Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division of the ANS? | acetylcholine
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