Nervous system 1
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| What types of neurotransmitter channels contain a cation channel? | acetylcholine and glutamate
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| What types of chloride channel contains a chlorine channel and is usally inhibitory? | GABA-A receptor, glycine receptors
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| How can GPCRs regulate ion channels | By opening of K+ channels, or closing of Ca++ channels (M2 and M4)
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| How can GPCRs indirectly reluate ion concentrations? | Through changing PLC activity (alpha 1, M1, M3, and M5)
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| How can GPCRs affect muscle contraction and exoctyosis? | By regulating cAMP levels (alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2)
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| Axon hillocks sum signals over _______ and ___________ to send a signal once the depolarization becomes enough. | space and time
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| Synapses close to the soma have _____ effects on producing an action potential. | Bigger
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| What causes the pacemaker cells of the heat and GI tract to fire regularly without outside input? | Na+ leak channels
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| What does th efrequencey of the firing of the pacemaker cells depend upon? | How quickly the cell reaches the threshold potential
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| What are the adrenergic receptors? | alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
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| What are the acetylcholine receptors? | nicotinic and muscarinic
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| Which is the system that controls flight or fight? | Sympathetic Nervous System
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| Which is the nervouse system that is rest and diges? | Parasympathetic Nervous System
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| "Anxiety and attention" would describe which nervous system? | Sympathetic Nervous System
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| "Relaxation and pleasure" would describe which nervous system? | Parasympathetic Nervous System
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| Where are the auotonomic nerous system control centers located? | Cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus
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| Which center of the brain controls emothions, autonomic functions, and hormone production? | Hypothalamus
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| Which center of the brain are the relay and processing centers for sensory information location? | Thalamus
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| Where in the brain are the autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function? | Medulla oblongata
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| Visceral functions include ___________, _________, and ____________ ___________ activities. | cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive system
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| Where are the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic centers locataed? | in the hypothalamus
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| List the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. | Sympathetic and parasympathetic
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| Where are the respiratory and cardiovasculator autonomic cneters locatedn? | In the medulla
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| When system innervates smooth muscle? | Autonomic Nervous System
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| Where is the presynaptic terminal of the preganglionic neuron located? | In the symapthetic or parasympathetic ganglion
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| Where is the postsynaptic termianl of the postanglionic neuron located? | In the symapthetic or parasympathetic ganglion
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| Where is the presynaptic terminal of thepostganglionic neuron located? | In the organ
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| Where is the postsynaptic termianl of the preganlionic neuron located? | In the lateral horn.
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| For skeletal muscle, how many neurons are there? | 1 somatic motor neuron
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| What neurotransmitter is released from the postganlionic transmitter to skeletal muscle? | acetylcholine
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| What neurotransmitter is released from the postganlionic transmitter to the blood vessels? | Norepinephrine
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| What neurotransmitter is released from the pregangionic neuron in the sympathetic system? | Acetylcholine
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| What neurotransmitter is released from the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic sytem to the sweat glands and the adrenal medulla? | Acetylcholine
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| What neurotransmitter is released from the preganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system? | Acetylcholine
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| What neurotransmitter is released from the postganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system? | Acetylcholine
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| In which nerve is the signal faster, preganglionic or postganglionic? | Preganglionic
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| Dopamine comes from which amino acid? | Tyrosine
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| Epinephrine produces which neurotransmitter? | None, epinephrine comes from norepinephrine
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| Norepinephrine produces which neurotransmitter? | Epinephrine
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| What is the precursor to norephinephrine? | Dopamine
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| Dopamine produces ___________ and ________. | Norepinephrine and the epinephrine
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