Mutation and Repaoir
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| show | thymine dimers; Nucleotide Excision Repair
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| show | Thymine
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| show | There is a mutation in the nucleotide excision repair enzymes. Individuals with this genetic defect are unable to repair thymine dimers.
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| show | The parent strand is methylated on A residues in the GATC sequence. The repair takes place on the unmethylated strand.
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| How do glycosidases know which bases should be removed by DNA? | show 🗑
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| show | Surveillance; Excision; Synthesis; and Ligase
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| show | sublethal exposure to ionizing radiation and oxidative agents such as H2O2 or HOCl.
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| show | Short Patch Repair
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| Cyclobutane dimers occur on __________ (purines or pyrimidines). | show 🗑
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| show | PCNA and RF/C
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| What kind of DNA repair mechanisms are malfunctioning in xeroderma pigmentosum? | show 🗑
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| Which kind of DNA repair is often referred to as bulky adducts? | show 🗑
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| show | Nucleotide Excision Repair
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| show | Nucleotide Excision Repair
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| What repair process repairs UV damaged DNA? | show 🗑
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| show | Nucleotide Excision Repair
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| Cross-linking of bases to each other and to protein by oxidative damage and ionizing radiation are repaired by which process? | show 🗑
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| show | N-glycosidases, AP endonucleases, DNA pol (beta, delta, or epsilon), PCNA, RF/C, Helicase, FEN1 endonuclease, DNA ligase
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| Name the enzymes used in Short Patch BER. | show 🗑
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| What enzymes are constantly moving along the DNA backbone scanning for the presence of damaged bases? | show 🗑
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| Which enzymes are common to both Short Patch and Long Patch BER? | show 🗑
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| Most (90%) of HNPCC cases are due to genetic defects of either _________ or ________. | show 🗑
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| What is the first step of the mismatch repair mechanism? | show 🗑
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| show | MSH complex recruits MLH and PMS proteins (requires ATP hydrolysis)
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| When one base is substituted for another, this is an example of ______________ mutation. | show 🗑
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| show | Missense
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| show | Missense
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| show | Mismatch Repair
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| show | Mismatch Repair
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| Which kind of DNA repair will fix short insertions/deletions? | show 🗑
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| Which kind of DNA repair will fix O6-Me-G or O4-Me-T base modifications? | show 🗑
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| Which process uses DNA pol (beta, delta or epsilon), PCNA and RF/C to replace bases excised by BER? | show 🗑
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| When a reactive oxygen species oxidize C4 of the ribose and open the pyranose ring, what happens to the DNA? | show 🗑
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| show | Insertions or deletions
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| Microsatellites are prone to what kind of mutations? | show 🗑
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| Polymerase slippage results in what kind of mutation? | show 🗑
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| A retrovirus inserting into the middle of a gene would be an example of a(n) ____________ mutation. | show 🗑
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| "Base flipping" is associated with which enzyme. | show 🗑
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| What does DNA pol beta do during Short Patch Repair? | show 🗑
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| show | FEN1 endonuclease
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| What kind of DNA repair mechanisms are malfunctioning in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (NHPCC)? | show 🗑
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| What are the majority of our DNA insults due to? | show 🗑
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| The predominant mutation in cystic fibrosis is what kind of mutation? | show 🗑
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| Why is thymine, rather than uracil part of DNA? | show 🗑
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| How can U become a part of DNA? | show 🗑
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| show | Benzopyrene adduct
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| Which kind of DNA repair involves minor modifications to the bases? | show 🗑
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| What process repairs small defects in single bases that may or may not cause small distortions? | show 🗑
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| show | Base Excision Repair
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| The spontaneous deamination of cytosine to uracil is fixed by what process? | show 🗑
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| What process is responsible for fixing the presence of N3-Me-A and N7-Me-G in DNA? | show 🗑
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| What is the major repair mechanism for repairing oxidative damage to DNA? | show 🗑
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| show | Apurinic/apyrimidinc (AP) site
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| What is a transversion mutation. | show 🗑
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| show | A purine substituted by a purine, or a pyrimidine substituted by a pyrimidine
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| What has to happen before a mutation to occur? | show 🗑
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| show | 5' side
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| Outline the process of Base Excision Repair | show 🗑
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| show | 1. MSH complex recruits MLH and PMS proteins, requires ATP hydrolysis; 2. Endonuclease nicks strand; 3. Helicase unwinds the DNA; 4. Exonuclease digests the nicked strand; 5. DNA pol fills the gap; 6. Ligase seals the nick
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| What five types of DNA repair mechanisms are we covering? | show 🗑
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| Which three of the DNA repair mechanisms we are studying work by similar mechanisms? | show 🗑
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| What two groups can cancers be classified as? | show 🗑
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| What two ways does DNA polymerase insure fidelity during replication? | show 🗑
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