Overview and hypophysis (pituitary) 1
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| show | ductless
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| hormones are transported via ____ and the ____ system. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. steroid 2. small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins 3. amino acid analogues and derivatives including catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine)
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| show | cholesterol
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| steroid hormones are synthesized and secreted by cells of the what? | show 🗑
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| show | hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, enteroendocrine
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| amino acid derivative hormones are synthesized and secreted by what? | show 🗑
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| show | IODINATED AMINO ACIDS
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| show | 1. cell surface receptors 2. intracellular receptors
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| what do cell surface receptors interact with? | show 🗑
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| what does the activation of cell surface receptors generate? | show 🗑
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| show | membrane-associated G proteins
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| What is the adenylate cyclase/cAMP system for? | show 🗑
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| tyrosine kinase is a system for what? | show 🗑
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| phosphatidyl inositol is a system for what hormones? | show 🗑
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| show | ANTAGONISTIC SYSTEM FOR ACTION OF cAMP in some protein hormones
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| show | cell metabolism
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| show | cAMP, 1,2 diacylglycerol (DAG), inositol triposphate (IP3), and calcium
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| What is an inhibitory second messenger and what does it interfere with? | show 🗑
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| show | metabolism, hormone-specific
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| show | mainly in nucleus
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| show | steroid hormones and thyroid hormones because both can easily pass through cell membrane
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| show | 1. hormone binding region 2. dna binding region 3. amino-terminal region
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| show | steroid hormones and thyroid hormones... NO SECOND MESSENGER REQUIRED
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| binding of intracellular receptors causes allosteric transformation of receptor to form that binds chr. dna and activates rna polymerase. this causes... | show 🗑
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| what is the largest collection of endocrine cells in the body | show 🗑
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| show | autocrine, paracrine, adjacent epithelial cells
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| _____ gland and _____ gland are MORPHOLOGICALLY and FUNCTIONALLY linked in ENDOCRINE and NEUROENDOCRINE control of other endocrine organs. | show 🗑
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| what are the master organs of the endocrine system? | show 🗑
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| show | multiparous women (who have given birth 2 or more times)
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| where does the pituitary gland reside? | show 🗑
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| how is the pituitary connected to the hypothalamus? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) 2. posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
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| What does the anterior lobe of the pituitary develop from? | show 🗑
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| What are the derivatives of Rathke's pouch? ** | show 🗑
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| show | neural secretory tissue from diencephalon
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| What are the 2 parts of the posterior lobe of the pituitary? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. superior hypophyseal arteries supply pars tuberalis, median eminence, and infundibulum (from internal carotid and circle of willis) 2. Inferior hypophyseal arteries primarily supply pars nervosa (from internal carotid arteries)
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| arteries that supply pars tuberalis, median eminence, and infundibulum give rise to _____ capillaries | show 🗑
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| fenestrated pituitary capillaries drain into portal veins called... | show 🗑
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| hypophyseal portal veins run along the ____ and give rise to what? | show 🗑
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| the hypothalamohypophyseal portal system does what? | show 🗑
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| show | CAVERNOUS SINUS
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| show | other endocrine glands and some non-endocrine tissues
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| how are the cells of the anterior pituitary lobe arranged? | show 🗑
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| Growth Hormone (GH) | show 🗑
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| Prolactin (PRL) | show 🗑
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| show | maintains structure and stimulates hormone secretion from adrenal cortex
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| show | follicle development in ovary, spermatogenesis in testes
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| Luteinizing hormone (LH) | show 🗑
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| show | stimulates growth of thyroid gland and release of thyroid hormones
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| What are the tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary? Why? ** | show 🗑
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| show | GH, PRL... act directly on target organs that are not endocrine glands
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| show | BASOPHILS, ACIDOPHILS, CHROMOPHOBES (identified by staining properties... better methods of identification include histochemistry, histophysiologic studies, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry
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| show | small proteins or glycoproteins
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| show | 1. somatotropes (GH cells) 2. Lactotropes (PRL cells) 3. Corticotropes (ACTH) 4. Gonadotropes (FSH, LH) 5. Thyrotropes (TSH)
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| What do somatotropes produce? | show 🗑
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| show | prolactin, INCREASE IN SIZE DURING PREGNANCY
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| show | strong reaction with PAS reagent. produce proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which when cleaved fragments into: ACTH, B-LIPOTROPHIC HORMONE, MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE (MSH)*, B-ENDORPHIN, ENKEPHALIN
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| show | (basic stains) fsh, lh, may produce both, or one or the other
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| What do thyrotropes produce? | show 🗑
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| Pars intermedia surrounds what?** | show 🗑
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| Pars tuberalis cells often show immunoreactivity for what hormones? | show 🗑
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