plastics review
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| Tessier Cleft Number 0 involves what? | midline deformities of the upper lip and nose
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| Tessier cleft No. 3 manifests as | defect of the lower eyelids medial to the punctum, displacement of the medial canthus of the eyelid and hypoplasia of the medial canthal tendon
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| Which facial cleft is the most common sporadic facial cleft? | Tessier Cleft Number 7- macrostomia and absence of the zygomatic arch
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| Unilateral cleft lip results from | malunion of medial nasal and maxillary nasal prominence
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| What percent of isolated cleft palates will be associated with other anomalies | 50%
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| primary cleft palate results from | malunion of medial palantine process and lateral palantine process
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| Secondary cleft palate results from | malunion of lateral palantine process
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| levator veli pallatini muscular diastasis is also called | submucosal cleft- 15% associated with VPI
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| Diagnostic triad for the diagnosis of submucosal cleft | Zona pellucida, Bifid nasal spine, bifid uvula
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| Alveolar clefts are repaired by bone graft at ages | 8-10years old
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| levator veli palatini innervation and function | pharyngeal plexus, a derivative of the vagus (X) nerve, pharyngeal closure
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| tensor veli palatini innervation and function | tense and lower the soft palate, and opens the eustachian tube, V2 of trigeminal nerve
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| Describe angle's classification of mandibular occlusion | Class I, normal occlusion. ,Class II, retroocclusion or mandibular deficiency.
C: Class III, prognathic occlusion (maxillary deficiency or mandibular access).
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| Overbite | distance b/t maxillary and mandibular incisors in vertical plane
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| Overjet | distance b/t maxillary and mandibular incisors in horizontal plane
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| Aplasia Cutis Congenita | Scalp defect most commonly occurring in midline of the vertex
Associated with skull defect, +/- exposure of dura
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| Treatment of Aplasia Cutis Congenita | Spontaneous resolution frequent
Treatment = silvadene dressing changes to prevent dessication and infection
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| Nerve at greatest risk during excision of Congenital Branchial Sinus/Fistula | hypoglossal nerve CN XII
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| Velocardiofacial Syndrome is also called | Shprintzen Syndrome
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| Velocardiofacial Syndrome- genetics | Autosomal dominant
Deletion of long arm of chromosome 22, detected with FISH test
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| Features of Velocardiofacial Syndrome | cleft palate, Velopharyngeal insufficiency, Cardiac abnormalities in 80%, 40-50% with microcephaly, Abnormalities of internal carotid arteries
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| Pierre Robin Sequence- triad | micrognathia, cleft palate, and retroglossoptosis
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| Stickler's Syndrome features | Autosomal dominant, Myopia in infancy, Retinal detachment
Progressive blindness, +/- cataracts, Pierre robin Sequence
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| Van der Woude’s Syndrome | Autosomal dominant with variable penetrance,Cleft lip or palate
Lip pits seen in 80% (represents accessory salivary glands)
May be missing central or lateral incisors
No other significant associated craniofacial anomalies
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| Gorlin Syndrome | Autosomal dominant,Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome,Multiple basal cell carcinomas appear early in adolescence, Skeletal anomalies, calcification of the falx cerebri, and nasal deformities
Palmar and plantar pits
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| Gardner Syndrome | Autosomal dominant
Colon polyps
Desmoid tumors
Osteomas of the skull and mandible
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| Ollier’s Disease | ascular malformations
Multiple enchondromas in hands and long bones
Enchondromas may undergo sarcomatous degeneration
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| Apert Syndrome genetics | Autosomal dominant
Associated with abnormality of FGFR2
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| Apert Syndrome features | Turribrachycephaly – (coronal sutures most commonly involved)
Midface hypoplasia
High arched palate +/- cleft
Hypertelorism
Flat elongated forehead
Bitemporal widening
Severe complex syndactyly – involves middle three digits of hands and feet
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| Crouzon Syndrome genetics | Autosomal dominant
Associated with abnormality of FGFR2
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| Crouzon Syndrome features | Craniosynostosis with variable involvement of Coronal, Sagittal, and Lambdoid sutures
Turribrachycephaly is most common
Midface hypoplasia
Nystagmus
Strabismus
Optic nerve atrophy
Conductive hearing loss
Axial skeletal deformities
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| Pfeiffer Syndrome features | Craniosynostosis – turribrachycephaly most common
Mild cutaneous syndactyly of second and third digits
Distinguished by presence of enlarged bulbous thumbs and halluces
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| Pfeiffer Syndrome Genetics | Autosomal dominant
Associated with FGFR1 and FGFR2 genes
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| 7 bones of the orbit | frontal bone, maxilla, zygoma, ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, sphenoid
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| Most common mandible fracture in adults? | Angle (35%), then parasymphysis (24%), then body (18%)
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| Most common mandible fracture in children? | Condylar Fractures
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| Indications for Open Reduction of Condyle | Displacement into the middle cranial fossa
Impossibility of obtaining adequate dental occlusion by closed
Lateral extracapsular displacement of the condyle
Invasion by a foreign body (e.g.. a bullet from a gunshot wound)
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