GI secretions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Does osmolality increase or decrease with an increase in flow rate | increase
🗑
|
||||
| With a low flow rate do you have more or less time to modify slaiva | more
🗑
|
||||
| Which flow rate would give you the highest pH, high rate or low rate | high rate
🗑
|
||||
| Are both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems used in the salivary secretion | Yes
🗑
|
||||
| What does aldosterone do to Na reabsorbtion and K secretion | increases both
🗑
|
||||
| What does ADH do to Na reabsorbtion | increases it
🗑
|
||||
| If you increase cell activity, what else will you accomplish | increaseing vasodilator metabolites
🗑
|
||||
| In the salivary duct, which ions or compounds are being absorbed into the duct | HCO3- and K+
🗑
|
||||
| In the salivary duct, which ions are being reabsorbed into the interstitium | Na, H20 and Cl-
🗑
|
||||
| What nuerotransmitter does the sympathetic nervous system use to create salivary secretions | NE
🗑
|
||||
| What enzyme is released by ductal cells that eventually causes increased capillary permiability and vasodilation | Kallikrein
🗑
|
||||
| What is the main contributer to H+ concentration in the lumen of the stomach | Proton Pump
🗑
|
||||
| Does the proton pump require ATP | Yes
🗑
|
||||
| What is the ion exchanged with H+ in the proton pump | K (potassium)
🗑
|
||||
| The Cl that is excreted aling with the H+ originally comes from where | Interstitial Space
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism that bring Cl into the parietal cell to be able to be excreted into the lumen | Cl/HCO3- exchanger
🗑
|
||||
| What is the shift of HCO3- from the partieal cell into the interstial space refered to as | Alkaline tide
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the H+ in the parietal cell come from | dissociation from H20 or H2CO3
🗑
|
||||
| High secretory rate yeilds high or low amounts of K+ and Na+ | LOW
🗑
|
||||
| Which molecules act to stimulate the parietal cell in the direct pathway | ACh, gastrin, abd histimine
🗑
|
||||
| What molecules work to stimulate the parietal cell in the indirect pathway | ACh, gastrin, and histimine, but keep in mind the ECL cell is also stimulated so that it secretes histimine to activate the parietal cell
🗑
|
||||
| What are PPI's | Proton pump inhibitors. Work to limit acid sectretion in the stomach
🗑
|
||||
| What mechanisms/treatments are avaiable for hyperacidity | vagoitmy, antacids, PPI's, H2 blockers (zantec and tagament,
🗑
|
||||
| What is the main nerve in the cephalic phase | VAGUS VAGUS VAGUS
🗑
|
||||
| Name the four physiological events of cephalic phase | 1. Vagus stimulates parietal cell (ACh)2. Vagus stimulates G-cell (GRP) (stimulates ECL and parietal)3. Stimulates ECL cell (ACh)4. Stimulates D-Cell (ACh, inhibits somatostatin)
🗑
|
||||
| On what cell is there an inhibiting of an inhibitor | D-cell
🗑
|
||||
| What causes excretion of H+ by the parietal cell in the gastric phase | distention of food in the stomach, local and long relflexes, and finally stimulation of parietal cells
🗑
|
||||
| What percent of acid secretion does the gastric phase account for | 50-60%
🗑
|
||||
| What stimulates the release of H+ from parietal cells in the intestinal cell | Protein digestion prducts, entero-oxyntin, absorbed amino acids and gastrin
🗑
|
||||
| What percent of H+ secretion does the intestinal phase make up | 5-10%
🗑
|
||||
| What does somatostatin inhibit | G-cells and parietal cells
🗑
|
||||
| What stimulates secretin | acid
🗑
|
||||
| Fatty acids cause the release of what protein that acts to inhibit g-cells and parietal cells | GIP
🗑
|
||||
| How else do fatty acids work to inhibit the parietal cell | through local relexes
🗑
|
||||
| Name two other minor inhibitors of parietal cell | CCK and PGE2
🗑
|
||||
| What causes pesinogen to be converted to pepsin | H+ or acid
🗑
|
||||
| High levels of what can inhibit Gastrin | Acid
🗑
|
||||
| What is PUD | peptic ulcer disease, defined as a break in the mucosal surface >5mm
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two functions of the mucosal layer in the stomach | 1. Diffusion barrier for H+2. Traps HCO3-
🗑
|
||||
| An inflammatory response in the stomach may be caused by what | H+ leaking through the mucosal layer and cause the release of histimine
🗑
|
||||
| How does H. Pylori produce an inflammation in the stomach | Inhibits somatostatin and makes excess NH4
🗑
|
||||
| Intrinsic factor is essential for the uptake of what vitamin | B12
🗑
|
||||
| What is the only essential secretion of the stomach | IF (intrinsic factor)
🗑
|
||||
| Acinar cells secrete what | pancreatic enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| What are the four general types of enzymes | Amylases, lipases, proteases, nucleases
🗑
|
||||
| What do ductal and centroacinar cells secrete | Na+ and HCO3-
🗑
|
||||
| In the pancreatic ductal cell, what is the main exchanger used to move HCO3- into the lumen | HCO3-/Cl- exchanger
🗑
|
||||
| Where is 90% of the HCO3- in the pancreatic juice coming from | plasma
🗑
|
||||
| How is cAMP linked to secretin | Secretin activates adenylate cyclase, which releaes cAMP. This causes PKA to phosphorylate CFTR channels and release Cl- into the lumen
🗑
|
||||
| In the pancreas, H+ is moved from the ductal cell to the blood by what mechanism | Na+/H+ exchanger
🗑
|
||||
| In the pancreas, the flood of H+ into the blood is called what? | Acid tide
🗑
|
||||
| What pulls Na+ through tight junctions in the pancreatic ductal cells | negative lumen
🗑
|
||||
| What does the rate of HCO3- depend on | The availability of luminal Cl-
🗑
|
||||
| What follows as Na+ moves down its gradient | H20
🗑
|
||||
| The faliure of the CFTR channel to function results in what occuring | The lack of Na+ being pulled into the lumen and thus a lack of H20. This causes thick secretiosn which become stuck in the lungs and unabel to be moved out
🗑
|
||||
| Pancreatic secretion has an osmolality similar to what | plasma
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three controllers fo pancreatic secretion | CCK, secretin, and vagovagal reflexes
🗑
|
||||
| What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on pancreatic secretion | None or inhibitory
🗑
|
||||
| What neurotranmitter is used to cause secretions from the ductal and acinar cells | ACh
🗑
|
||||
| In what phase does distention cause vagovagal reflexes to occur | Gastric
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three main "actors" in the intestinal phase | CCK, Vagus, and secretin
🗑
|
||||
| What action does CCK have in the intestinal phase | causes secretions from the ductal and acinar cells
🗑
|
||||
| which two cell types will secretin inhibit | G-cells and Parietal cells
🗑
|
||||
| During the intestinal phase, the products from protein and lipid breakdown do what | stimulate a vagovagal relfex to trigger acinar cells to secrete
🗑
|
||||
| An absence of Cl- exchanger channels on the apical side of the ductal cell will result in a loss of secretion of what | HCO3-
🗑
|
||||
| Where are primary bile acids made | Liver
🗑
|
||||
| What process takes place to change primary bile acids to secondary bile acids | dehydroxylation (makes bile acids more soluable)
🗑
|
||||
| synthesis of bile acids help to rid what compound from the body | cholesterol
🗑
|
||||
| At the pH of the intestines, are conjugated bile acids water or fat soluable | water
🗑
|
||||
| What structures do bile acids form around fats | micelles
🗑
|
||||
| if you have a large return of bile acids to the liver, does the rate of synthesis increase, decrease or stay the same | decreases
🗑
|
||||
| Deconjugated/dehydroxylated bile salts are absorbed actively or passively | passivley
🗑
|
||||
| Which type of bile acid is absorbed actively | conjugated or more hydrophilic ones
🗑
|
||||
| What percentage of bile salts are returned to the liver | 90%
🗑
|
||||
| If you increase the rate of return of bile salts to the liver, does the rate of release of secretin increase, decrease or stay the same | increase
🗑
|
||||
| While HCO3- is being secreted, which ions/electrolytes are being absorbed and secreted | Na+, Cl- and H20
🗑
|
||||
| Does billirubin become conugated or uncojugated in the liver | conjugated
🗑
|
||||
| Is conugated billirubin direct or indirect | direct
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
lowryc
Popular Physiology sets