Study questions for CCENT/CCNA
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| 1. Which of the following protocols are examples of TCP/IP transport layer protocols? (Choose two answers) a. Ethernet d. UDP b. HTTP e. SMTP c. IP f. TCP | D: UDP
F: TCP
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| 2. Which of the following protocols are examples of TCP/IP data link layer protocols? (Choose two answers) a. Ethernet b. HTTP e. SMTP c. IP f. TCP d. UDP g. PPP | A: Ethernet
G: PPP
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| 3. The process of HTTP asking TCP to send some data and making sure that it is received correctly is an example of what? a. Same-layer interaction c. OSI model b. Adjacent-layer interaction d. All of these answers are correct. | b. Adjacent-layer interaction
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| 5. The process of a web server adding a TCP header to the contents of a web page, followed by adding an IP header and then adding a data link header and trailer is an example of what? | Same-layer interaction
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| 5. The process of a web server adding a TCP header to the contents of a web page, followed by adding an IP header and then adding a data link header and trailer is an example of what? | Data encapsulation
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| 6. Which of the following terms is used specifically to identify the entity created when encapsulating data inside data link layer headers and trailers? a. Data d. Frame b. Chunk e. Packet c. Segment | d. Frame
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| Name the layers in the Original TCP/IP model | Application
Transport
Internet
Link
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| Name the layers in the updated TCP/IP model | Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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| Name the layers of the OSI Model | Application
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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| Define the functions of the OSI Application layer | Provides an interface between the communications software and any applications that need to communicate outside the computer on which the application resides. Also defines processes for user authentication
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| Define the functions of the OSI Presentation Layer | Defines and negotiates data formats, such as ASCII text, EBCDIC text, binary, BCD, and JPEG. Encryption is also defined by OSI as a presentation layer service
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| Define the functions of the OSI Session Layer | Defines start, control, & end of conversations (sessions). Includes control&management of multiple bidirectional messages so application can be notified if some data did not arrive. Allows presentation layer to have seamless view of incoming data streams.
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| Define the functions of the OSI Transport Layer | Provides a large number of services relating to data delivery to another computer, such as error recovery and flow control.
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| Define the functions of the OSI Network Layer | Defines three main features: logical addressing, routing and path determination.
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| Define the functions of the OSI Data Link Layer | Defines the rules that determine when a device can send data over a particular medium. Define the format of a header and trailer that allows devices attached to the medium to successfully send and receive data.
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| Define the functions of the OSI Physical Layer | Defines the physical media used for transferring data, cabling standards, and the means of transferring the raw bits over the media.
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| This layer Provides an interface between the communications software and any applications that need to communicate outside the computer on which the application resides. | Application Layer
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| This layer defines processes for user authentication | Application Layer
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| This layer Defines and negotiates data formats, such as ASCII text, EBCDIC text, binary, BCD, and JPEG. | Presentation Layer
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| This layer defines encryption | Presentation Layer
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| This layer Defines how to start, control, and end conversations | Session Layer
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| This layer s includes the control and management of multiple bidirectional messages so that the application can be notified if only some of a series of messages are completed. | Session Layer
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| This layer allows the presentation layer to have a seamless view of an incoming stream of data. | Session Layer
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| This layer Provides a large number of services relating to data delivery to another computer, such as error recovery and flow control. | Transport Layer
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| This layer Defines three main features: logical addressing, routing and path determination. | Network Layer
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| This layer Defines the rules that determine when a device can send data over a particular medium. | Data Link Layer
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| This layer Define the format of a header and trailer that allows devices attached to the medium to successfully send and receive data. | Data Link Layer
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| This layer Defines the physical media used for transferring data. | Physical Layer
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| This layer defines cabling standards | Physical Layer
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| This layer defines the means of transferring the raw bits over the media. | Physical Layer
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| Name that Layer HTTP | Application
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| Name that Layer IP | Internet
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| Name that Layer TCP | Transport
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| Name that Layer Ethernet | Data Link
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| Name that Layer POP3 | Application
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| Name that Layer PPP (Point-to-Point protocol) | Data Link
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| Name that Layer SMTP | Application
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| Name that Layer UDP | Transport
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| Name that Layer T1 | Data Link
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| First step to encapsulate data on the sending host | Step 1. Create and encapsulate the application data with any required application layer
headers. For example, the HTTP OK message can be returned in an HTTP header, followed
by part of the contents of a web page.
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| Second step to encapsulate data on the sending host | Step 2. Encapsulate the data supplied by the application layer inside a transport layer header.
For end-user applications, a TCP or UDP header is typically used.
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| Third step to encapsulate data on the sending host | Step 3. Encapsulate the data supplied by the transport layer inside a network layer (IP)
header. IP defines the IP addresses that uniquely identify each computer.
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| Fourth step to encapsulate data on the sending host | Step 4. Encapsulate the data supplied by the network layer inside a data link layer header
and trailer. This layer uses both a header and a trailer.
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| Fifth step to encapsulate data on the sending host | Step 5. Transmit the bits. The physical layer encodes a signal onto the medium to transmit the
frame.
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| Which layers provide services, and which layers make requests? | Lower layers provide services to upper layers.
Upper layers make requests to lower layers
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| Benefits of using a layered network model | Allows different parts of the network to function independently, without having to think of other fuctions.
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| Define Adjacent-layer Interaction | Two adjacent layers work together, with Lower layers provide services to upper layers and upper layers making requests
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| Define Deencapsulation | On a computer that receives data over a network, the process in which the device interprets the
lower-layer headers and, when finished with each header, removes the header, revealing the
next-higher-layer PDU.
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| Define Encapsulation | The placement of data from a higher-layer protocol behind the header (and in some cases, between a header and trailer) of the next-lower-layer protocol.
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| Define Frame | A term referring to a data link header and trailer, plus the data encapsulated between the header
and trailer.
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| Define Networking Model | A generic term referring to any set of protocols and standards collected into a comprehensive
grouping that, when followed by the devices in a network, allows all the devices to communicate.
Examples include TCP/IP and OSI.
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| Define Packet | A logical grouping of bytes that includes the network layer header and encapsulated data, but
specifically does not include any headers and trailers below the network layer.
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| Define Protocol Data Unit | A generic term referring to the header defined by some layer of a networking model, and the data
encapsulated by the header (and possibly trailer) of that layer, but specifically not including any
lower-layer headers and trailers.
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| Define Same-layer interaction | Communication b/t 2 networking devices at a networking model layer using a header defined by that layer. Devices set values in header, send the header and encapsulated data, and the receiving device(s) interpret the header to decide what action to take.
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| Define Segment (TCP) | In TCP, a TCP header and encapsulated data (also called an L4PDU). Also, the process of accepting a chunk of data from the application layer and breaking it into smaller pieces for TCP segments.
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| Define Segment (Ethernet) | In Ethernet, either a single Ethernet cable or a single collision domain (no matter how many cables are used).
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