Biology Vocabulary Chapter 16
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| Artificial Selection | Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring.
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| What did Hutton and Lyell conclude about Earth's history? | Hutton and Lyell concluded that Earth is extremely old and that the processed that changed the Earth in the past are the same processed that operate in the present.
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| How did Lamarck propose that species evolve? | Lamarck suggested that organisms could change by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies. He also suggested that individuals could pass these acquired traits on to their offspring, enabling species to change over time.
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| What was Malthus's view of population growth? | Malthus reasoned that if the human population grew unchecked, there wouldn't be enough living space and food for everyone.
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| How is inherited variation used in artificial selection? | In artificial selection, nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful.
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| Adaptation | Heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment.
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| Fitness | How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.
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| Natural Selection | Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest.
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| Under what conditions does natural selection occur? | Natural selection occurs in any situation in which more individuals are born than can survive, there is natural heritable variation, and there is a variable fitness among individuals.
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| What does Darwin's mechanism for evolution suggest about living and extinct species? | According to the principle of common descent, all species--living and extinct--are descended from ancient common ancestors.
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