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Science 9

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Term
Definition
differentiation   In humans, the process in which cell layers will eventually form the organs and tissues of a baby  
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diploid number   two sets of chromosomes (2n); the diploid number for a human cell is 46 (2 x 23) (6.1)  
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embryo   the stage of a multicellular organism that developed from a zygote  
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embryonic development   early development of a multicellular organism following fertilization  
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external fertilization   fertilization in which a sperm cell and an egg cell unite outside the boodies of the parents  
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fertilization   the process during which an egg cell is penetrated by a sperm cell and the hyploid genetic information of both male and female gametes combines  
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gametes   specialized cells necessary for reproduction; in animals, male gametes are called sperm cells and female gametes are called egg cells  
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genetic diversity   inherited genetic differences in a species that give many organisms a survival advantage  
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haploid number   each set of inherited chromosomes, half the diploid number(n); humans inherit one set of 23 chromosomes from their female parent and one set of 23 chromosomes from their male parent  
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homologous chromosomes   a pair of matching chromosomes  
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internal fertilization   fertilization in which sperm cells are deposited inside the female's body where they meet egg cells  
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mating   the process by which gametes arrive in the same place at the same time  
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meiosis   the process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells  
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sexual reproduction   reproduction that requires two parents and produces offspring that are genetically different from each other, from either parent, and from any other member of their species  
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zygote   the new diploid (Zn) cell formed by the process of fertilization, which receives half its chromosomes from its female parent and half from its male parent  
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