Respiratory System Terminology
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| Vibrissae | Vibrissae is one of the stiff, coarse hairs that are located at the entrance of the nostrils or on other parts of the face in many mammals and that often serve as tactile organs. They trap particulate matter.
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| Deglutition | the act or process of swallowing, particular the swallowing of food
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| Trachealis | a smooth muscle/function is to constrict the windpipe, allowing for higher velocity of air in the windpipe during coughing.
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| Mucciliary Escalator | covers most of the bronchi, bronchioles and nose/ function is to move mucus up and out of the lungs.
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| Adventitia | the outermost connect tissue covering of any organ or structure
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| Carina | a ridge of cartilage/ the point where trachea divides into the right & left bronchus
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| primary Pulmonary Lobule | a unit of pulmonary tissue that includes a bronchiole, alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli.
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| Terminal Bronchioles | finest conducting branches/delivers air to a single pulmonary lobule
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| Respiratory Bronchioles | Smallest bronchiole (0.5 mm in diameter) that connects the terminal bronchiole to the alveolar duct.
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| Alveolar ducts | the tiny end ducts of the branching airways that fill the lungs. Each lung holds approximately 1.5 to 2 million of them.
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| Respiratory Membrane | located in the lungs and it is where gas exchange occurs with blood
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| Type I (Squamous Alveolar Cells) | cover about 95% of the alveolar surface, they are unable to divide, and they form a thin, blood-gas barrier through which gas exchange occurs.
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| Type II (Great Alveolar Cells) | interrupt the continuous simple squamous lining and secretes a surfactant which is a mixture of phospholipid & proteins
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| Respiratory Cycle | includes One inspiration plus the following expiration
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| Valsalva Manuever | forced expiratory effort against a closed glottis
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| Hyperventilation | the condition of breathing rapidly and deeply which decreases the amount of CO2 in the blood.
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| Nasal fossa | Right & Left chambers of the nasal cavity
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| Nasal Concha | Consists of mucus membranes supported by thin scroll-like turbinate bones
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| Pharynx | A muscular funnel extending about 13cm/5 in from the chonae to the larynx. Has 3 regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, aryngopharynx
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| Larynx | voice-box; cartilaginous chamber about 4 cm long. Its’ primary function is to: to keep food and drink out of the airway. It has a superior opening called a: glottis which is guarded by a flap of tissue called the: epiglottis.
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| Trachea | “windpipe”; a rigid tube about 12cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter, lying anterior to the esophagus. It is supported by: 16-20 c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.
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| Bronchiole | Continuations of the airway that are 1mm or less in diameter and lacks cartilage.
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| Alveolus | A pouch about (0.2 to 0.5) mm in diameter. Walls consist primarily of squamous type I Alveolar cells.
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| Pulmonary Surfacant | A detergent-like lipoprotein secreted by: great (type II) alveolar cells which forms a thin film on the insides of the alveoli and the bronchioles.
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| Pleural Cavity | The space between the parietal and visceral pleurae
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| Tidal Volume | The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle.
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