Midterm
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| In object-oriented analysis, an object is a member of a(n)___. which is a collection of similar objects. | class
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| A business____is an overview that describes a company's overall functions, processes, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction. | profile
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| Systems analysts use a___to graphically represent the company operations and information needs. | business process model
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| A(n)____investigates, analyzes, designs, develop, installs, evaluate, and maintains a company's information systems. | systems analyst
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| In a typical company organizational model, top managers: | develop long-range, called strategic, plans, which define the company's overall mission and goals
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| In object-oriented design, built-in processes called___ can change an object's properties. | methods
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| In the model of the SDLC shown in the accompanying figure, during___, the IT staff maintains, enhances, and protects the system. | systems support and security
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| In the model of the SDLC shown in the accompanying figure, the purpose of the ___ is t create a physical model that will satisfy all documented requirements for the system. | systems design phase
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| In the model of the SDLC shown in the accompanying figure, the ___ usually begins with a formal request to the IT department, called a systems request, which describes problems or desired changes in an information system or a business process. | systems planning phase
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| The ___ method of developing systems stresses team interaction and reflects a set of community-based values. | agile/adaptive
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| When planning an information system, a company must consider how a new system will interface with the older systems, which are called: | legacy systems
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| ____is a systems development technique that produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that systems developers can analyze, test, and modify. | Modeling
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| ___is a systems development technique that tests system concepts and provides an opportunity to examine input, output, and user interfaces before final decisions are made. | Prototyping
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| ___methods include the latest trends in software development. | Agile/Adaptive
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| ____provides vital protection and maintenance services for system software and hardware, including enterprise computing systems, networks, transaction processing systems,and corporate IT infrastructure. | Systems support and security
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| ____software controls the flow of data, provides data security, and manages network operations. | System
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| A feasibility study includes tests for____feasibility, which means that the projected benefits of the proposed system outweigh the estimated costs. | economic
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| A popular techniques for investigating causes and effects is called a(n)____diagram, which is an analysis tool that represents the possible causes of a problem a a graphical outline. | fishbone
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| A system analysts conducts a(n)__investigation to study the systems request and recommend specific action. | preliminary
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| Determining the project___means to define the boundaries, or extent, of a project - being as specific as possible. | scope
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| A(n)____is a requirement or condition that a system must satisfy or an outcome that a system must achieve. | constraint
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| During strategic planning, top managers, ask a series of questions that is called a(n)___analysis because it examines a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. | SWOT
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| Electronic data interchange (EDI)enables____inventory systems, which rely on computer-to-computer data exchange to minimize unnecessary inventory. | JIT
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| An example of a tangible benefit includes a(n)___. | online package tracking system that decreases the need for clerical staff.
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| In a preliminary investigation report, the___contains(s) a brief description of the system, the name of the person or group performing the investigation, and the name of the person or group who initiated the investigation. | introduction
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| In the preliminary investigation report, the___section contains the results of the preliminary investigation, including a description of the project's scope, constraints, and feasibility. | findings
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| Many companies implement____systems that integrate all customer-related events and transactions. | CRM
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| Projects with very general scope definitions are at risk of expanding gradually, without specific authorization, in process called project___. | creep
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| ____planning is the process of identifying long-term organizational goals, strategies, and resources. | strategic
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| Systems development typically starts with a___. | systems request, followed by a preliminary investigation, which includes a feasibility study.
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| The estimated costs of a proposed system usually are considered the___, TCO which includes ongoing support and maintenance costs, as well as acquisition costs. | TCO
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| When evaluating systems requests, which of the following is an advantage of a systems review committee? | on person's bias is more likely to affect the decisions
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| ___components can provide automated response to sales inquires, Web-based order processing, and online inventory tracking. | Customer relationship management (CRM)
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| ____limitations result when a system that was designed for a specific hardware configuration becomes obsolete when new hardware is introduced. | Performance
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| A project manager's planning: | includes identifying project tasks and estimating completion time and costs
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| A____path includes all task that are vital to the project schedule. | critical
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| A(n)___chart displays complex task patterns and relationships. | PERT/CPM
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| A project triangle shows three legs:____ | project cost, scope, and time
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| _____is a possible causes of cost overruns related to human resource issues. | turnover
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| ___is a full-featured program that holds the dominant share of the project management software market. | Microsoft Project
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| For a project manager, monitoring: | requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating the project team's workload
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| The first step in creating a WBS is to____ | identify all tasks
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| PERT/CPM is called a(n)____technique because it analyzes a large complex project as a series of individual tasks. | bottom-up
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| In addition to tasks, every project has___, which are reference points used to monitor progress and manage the project. | milestones
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| Many projects managers find____charts more helpful for scheduling, monitoring, and controlling projects. | PERT/CPM
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| Project managers always must be aware of the___path, so they can monitor the vital tasks and keep the project on track. | critical
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| A project manager's scheduling function___ | involves staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members
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| The first step in the creation of a PERT/CPM chart is to: | identify all the project tasks
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| When maintaining schedules, if enough____and frequent checkpoints exist, problems will be detected rapidly. | milestones
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| When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a____task. | concurrent
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| When two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, the concurrent tasks are called____tasks. | successor
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| Which of the following are metrics of a success project? | delivery of a project that satisfies users
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| Some____, such as Microsoft Outlook, include a personal calendar, a to-do list, and powerful contact management features. | PIMs
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| Greater user involvement in the system development process usually results in____. | more satisfied users
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| In a(n)___structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart. | informal
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| In addition to direct costs, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the____. | TCO
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| In an interview, _____ limit or restrict the response. | closed-ended questions
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| Software such as Microsoft OneNote is a type of___software. | Project data management
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| One of the main activities in the systems analysis phase is___modeling, which involves fact-finding to describe the current system and identification requirements for the new system. | requirement
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| RAD relies heavily on___. | Prototyping/user involvement (both a and b)
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| In an interview, _____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses. | open-ended questions
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| Supporters of neutral locations for interviews believe that it_____. | keeps interruptions to a minimum so people can concentrate fully
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| The term____refers to a system's ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future. | scalability
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| The_____is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design. | UML
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| Using a(n)____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes. | FDD
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| ___are especially important to a systems analyst who must work with people at all organizational levels, balance conflicting needs of users, and communicate effectively. | Interpersonal skills
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| ____enable a systems analyst to identify a problem, evaluate the key elements, and develop a useful solution. | Analytical skills
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| ____is a typical example of a system requirement for the control category. | The system must maintain separate levels of security users and the system administrator.
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| _____is a typical example of a system requirement for the input category. | Student grades must be entered on machine-scalable forms prepared by the instructor
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| _____is a typical example of a system requirement for the process category. | The video rental system must not execute new rental transactions for customers who have overdue tapes
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| A data dictionary specifies a data element's____, which is the set of values permitted for the data element. | domain
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| A DFD shows: | how a system transforms input data into useful information
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| A spontaneous generation process is a process that has" | no input
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| A(n)____description documents the details of a functional primitive, which represents a specific set of processing steps and business logic. | process
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| A(n)____ table shows a logical structure, with all possible combinations of conditions and resulting actions. | decision
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| Balancing____: | ensures that the input and output data flows of the parent DFD are maintained on the child DFD
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| Decision trees show the logic structure in a: | horizontal form that resembles a tree with the roots a t the left and the branches to the right
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| DFD symbols are referenced by using all____letter for the symbol name. | capital
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| If processes must be performed in a specific sequence, you document the information in the: | process description
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| In data dictionary, any name other than the standard data element name is called a(n): | alias
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| In a data dictionary, data elements are combined into___, which are meaning combinations of data elements that are included in data flows or retained data stores. | records
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| In a data dictionary, some data elements have____rules, such as an employee's salary must be within the range defined for the employee's job classification. | validity
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| In data dictionary, ___ refers to whether the data element contains numeric, alphabetic, or character values. | type
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| In a DFD, the Gane and Sarson symbol for a store is a____. | flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side.
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| Leveling: | uses a series of increasingly detailed DFDs to describe an information system
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| Structured English might look similar to programming students because it resembles___, which is used in program design. | pseudocode
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| The iteration structure is the completion of: | a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes
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| ___also is called looping | iteration
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| A major advantage of O-O design is that system analysts can save time and avoid errors by using___objects. | modular
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| A use case___is a visual summary of several related use cases within a system or subsystem. | diagram
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| A____is a command that tells an object to perform a certain method. | message
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| A(n)____is a group of similar objects. | class
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| All objects within a(n)___share common attributes and methods. | class
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| An object belongs to a group or category called a(n): | class
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| In a sequence diagram, a lifeline is identified by a(n)___line. | dashed
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| In an object-oriented system, objects can___certain attributes from other objects. | inherit
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| Inheritance enables a____to derive one or more of its attributes from a parent. | child
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| ___ enables an object to derive one or more of its attributes form another object. | inheritance
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| Objects can have a specific attribute called a(n)___, which describes the object's current status. | state
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| The number of___needed to describe to an object depends on the business requirements of the information system and its users. | attributes
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| The UML symbol for a use case is a(n)___with a label that describes the action or event. | oval
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| When you construct a___, the final step is to review the use case and identify the classes that participate in the underlying business transaction. | class diagram
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| _____describes what objects need to now about each other, how objects respond to changes in other objects, and the effects of membership in classes, superclasses, and subclasses. | relationships
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| ___enables objects to communicate and interact as they perform business functions and transactions required by the system. | relationships
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| ___ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting an information system. | UML
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| ____resemble verbs that describe what and how an object does something. | Methods
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| A____, or requirements model, describes the information that a system must provide. | business model
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| A corporate culture is the set of beliefs, rules, traditions, values, and attitudes that define a company and influence its way of doing business. | True
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| A scalable design can expand to meet new business requirements and volumes. | True
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| CASE tools provide an overall framework for systems development and support a wide variety of design methodologies, including structured analysis and object-oriented analysis. | True
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| In object-oriented design, objects possess characteristics called properties which the object inherits from its class or possess on its own. | True
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| In the systems analysis phase, the first step is requirements modeling, where business processes are investigated and what the new system must do to satisfy users is documented. | True
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| Most large companies require systems that combine transactions processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features. | True
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| Network administration, which is a function of the IT group, includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security. | True
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| Companies typically require that systems analysts have a college degree in information systems, computer science, business, or closely related field; and some IT experience usually is required. | True
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| A company's mission statement is unrelated to its major goals, shorter-term objectives and day-to-day business operations. | False
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| Before beginning a preliminary investigation, it is important to let people know about the investigation and explain the systems analyst's role. | True
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| Economic activity has influence on corporate information management. | False
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| If only one person has the necessary IT skills and experience to evaluate systems requests, that person should consult closely with users and managers throughout the company to ensure that business and operational needs are considered carefully. | True
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| Information systems that interact with customers usually receive low priority. | False
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| When interacting with users, a systems analyst should focus on difficulties instead of questioning users about additional capability they would like to have. | False
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| Whenever possible , a systems analysis should evaluate a proposed project based on tangible costs and benefits that represent actual(or approximate) dollar values. | True
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| In any project, large or small, tasks depend on each other and must be performed in a sequence. | True
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| Generally, systems analysts review the work of other systems analysts, and programmers review the work of other programmers, as a form of peer review, in structured walk-throughs. | True
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| In a PERT/CPM chart, each rectangular box, called a task box, has five sections that contain important information about a task. | True
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| Most managers recognize that problems do occur on most projects; it is better to alert management sooner rather than later. | True
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| PERT/CPM and Gnatt charts are mutually exclusive techniques. | False
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| Tasks that are not on the critical path cannot be ignored. | True
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| When tasks must be completed one after another, they are called concurrent tasks. | False
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| Because it is linked to a specific development methodology, systems developers use JAD whenever group input and interaction is not desired. | False
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| Because of the limited range of input ans interaction among participants, few companies believe that a JAD group produces the best definition of a new system. | False
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| In addition to helping to gather and analyze facts, many programs also perform fact-finding for systems analysts. | False
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| In the early stages of systems analysis, interviews usually focus on specific topics, but as the fact-findings process continues, the interviews are more general. | False
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| Knowledge of a company's formal and informal structures helps a systems analyst determine the people to interview during the systems analysis phase. | True
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| When designing a questionnaire, the most important rule of all is to make sure that questions collect the right data in a form that can be used to further fact-finding. | True
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| When fact-finding, asking what is being done is the same as asking what could or should be done. | False
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| A disadvantage of the four-model approach is that the requirements of a new information system always are quite different from the current information system, especially when the proposal is based on new computer technology rather than a large | number of new requirements....False
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| During the systems design phase, a physical model of the new information system is created that follows from the logical model and involves operational tasks and techniques. | True
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| In a DFD, a process symbol can have only one outgoing data flow. | False
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| In a addition to describing each data element, data flow, data store, record, entity, and process, the data dictionary documents the relationships among these components | True
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| More complex systems have fewer processes, and analysts need only work through very few levels to identify the functional primitives | False
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| When documenting a process, the documentation includes a description of the process's characteristic and, for functional primitives, a process description, which is a model that documents the processing steps and business logic. | True
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| Whether to use a decision table or a decision tree often is a matter of personal preference | True
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| A major advantage of O-O design is that systems analysts can save time and avoid errors by using modular modular objects. | True
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| Class diagrams evolve into code modules, data objects, and other system components. | True
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| Customer objects can perform specific tasks, such as placing an order or paying a bill. | True
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| Sequence diagrams, state transition diagrams, and activity diagrams are dynamic modeling tool that can help a systems analyst understand how objects behave and interact with the system | True
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| The same message to two different objects produces the same results | False
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| When the outcome of one use case is incorporated by another use case, we say the second use case uses the first case | True
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| When you create an object an object relationship diagram, it will serve as a guide as you continue to develop additional diagrams and documentation | True
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