HCC 2008 Pharmacology
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| Pharmacology | show 🗑
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| show | (drug therapy) The use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms and disease processes.
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| show | drug movement through the body. What the body does to the drug. Includes: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
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| Pharmacodynamics | show 🗑
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| show | chemical substances that affect cellular function
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| Medications | show 🗑
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| Local effect | show 🗑
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| Systemic efect | show 🗑
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| Immediate or Long-term effects | show 🗑
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| Sources of drugs | show 🗑
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| Names of drugs in 3 categories | show 🗑
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| show | Major: according to body system, which one it effects(cardiovascular)Minor: indicates use or purpose (antianginal)
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| Prototype | show 🗑
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| Role of the FDA? | show 🗑
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| show | US Pharmacopeia- provides drug standards for quality strength and purity.
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| Phase 1 Drug approval process | show 🗑
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| Phase 2 drug approval process | show 🗑
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| show | given to larger group of people with disease (blind & DB studies occur w/ use of placebo
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| Phase 4 drug approval process | show 🗑
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| Controlled substances | show 🗑
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| Controlled substance act | show 🗑
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| show | Drug Enforcement Administration: enforces controlled substance act
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| show | the lower the #, the higher potential for abuse. These differ in dispensing regulations. EX:schedule II-72 hr stop date-no refills
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| nursing responsibilities | show 🗑
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| show | witnessed and co-signed by another nurse
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| Drug Action on the Cell | show 🗑
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| show | time drug enters the body to time drug enters the bloodstream to be circulated.
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| show | dosage:too small, too large, correct dose, loading dose, form of dose, route,food.
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| Loading dose | show 🗑
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| show | Liquid (absorb faster then tablets), Tablets, gases
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| Kinds of tablets | show 🗑
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| show | Enteral: GI tract (oral, NGT, GT)Parenteral: Non-GI tract (injection, IV, topical) Absorbed faster in blood
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| Food and Absorption | show 🗑
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| show | drugs transported from bloodstream to site of action. Determined by bloodflow. Decrease in CO or circulation will reduce it.
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| Protein binding | show 🗑
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| show | 70% of the drug is active, 30% inactive.
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| show | It allows part of the drug to be stored and released as needed.
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| What is normal range for serum albumin level (primary protein)? | show 🗑
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| What happens when the albumin level is too low? | show 🗑
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| Ability for drug to cross certain membranes? | show 🗑
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| show | The breakdown to inactivate the drug
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| show | Liver
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| show | It converts fat-soluable drugs into water-soluable metabolites. Enzymes also inactivate drug.
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| WHy are oral doses generally larger than parenteral? | show 🗑
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| show | Oral drugs travel to portal vein and liver before entering general circulation
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| What happens with impaired liver function? | show 🗑
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| Excretion | show 🗑
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| show | Impaired kidneys-impairs excretion- drug accumulation-ADR/toxicity. Reduce the dose, monitor kidneys (creatinine levels and I&O)
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| show | Measures the amount of drug in the blood.
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| show | an excessive level of drug in blood where toxicity occurs
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| Therapeutic range | show 🗑
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| show | The time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%.
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| show | So you don't overdose patient, and it determines the dose scheduling (drugs w/short life require frequent dosages)
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| show | CHemically by binding with receptors at the cellular level. Drug fits into receptor sites like key and lock. Can inhibit of stimulate cell function.
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| Receptors | show 🗑
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| show | *How well it fits into the receptor sites*How many receptor sites are occupied
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| How do drugs cause depolarization of cells? | show 🗑
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| show | they can modify the release, synthesis, or inactivation of neurotransmitters (regulate physiologic processes) ex.norepinephrine, seratonin, acetylcholine
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| Drug-drug interactions | show 🗑
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| Additive effect | show 🗑
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| show | drug effects are decreased. ex. tetracycline and antacid=decreased absorption of tetracycline
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| show | 2 drugs with different actions produce greater effect than either given alone. ex.codeine and tylenol=greater pain relief
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| show | when one drug interferes with the metabolism or elimination of a 2nd drug causing an increased effect of the 2nd drug. ex. tagamet and theophylline=decreased theophylline metabolism
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| show | a complete attachment and cellular response occur. Similar to natural processes of neurotransmitters or hormones (morphine stimulates supression of pain signals)
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| show | cause a small response in cell and block other responses
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| show | a drug given to reduce the toxic effects of another drug. ex. Narcan to relieve effects of morphine
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| show | drugs that inhibit cell functions by attaching and blocking receptor sites to natural body substances or other drugs. ex. Narcan- wakes you up
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| Food can alter:tetracycline,warfarin/coumadin, calcium channel blockers in what ways | show 🗑
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| Unit dose | show 🗑
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| Variables that effect druge action | show 🗑
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| Hepatotoxity | show 🗑
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| Nephrotoxicity | show 🗑
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| Tolerance | show 🗑
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| show | first dose- unexpected reaction
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| allergic | show 🗑
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| show | 1st dose not fully metabolized before another dose is given. can cause permanent or temporary damage to body tissues. Promote elimination, ABCs, IV, etc.
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| show | Giving Ipecac, gastric lavage, charcoal
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| Maintenance therapy | show 🗑
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| Prophylactic therapy | show 🗑
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| show | ratio of drugs lethal dose to its therapeutic dose. Lower the therapeautic index, the more narrow range.
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| show | Pc-A- no riskPC-X- contradicted (teratogenic effects)PC B ex.morphine is safe to give
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| Narcotic analgesics | show 🗑
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