Pharmacology Chapters 5-6
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| what are the three types of opiate receptors? | Kappa, Mu and delta
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| what is an opioid overdose demonstrated by? | pinpoint pupils
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| what do nonopioid analgesics act primarily on? | peripheral nerves
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| what do opioid analgesics act primarily on? | central nervous system
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| why should you never place aspirin on the oral mucosa? | can burn oral mucosa
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| what is used to treat gout? | probenecid
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| NSAIDS are useful in treating... | pain associated with menstruation
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| what is the aspirin hypersensitivity triad? | asthma, aspirin hypersensitivity, and nasal polyps
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| tinnitus, headache and vomiting, dizziness, dimness of vision, hyperthermia and electrolyte imbalance are all components of... | salicylism
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| hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen is potentiated by the use of | barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine and rifampin
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| what are the drug interactions of NSAIDS | lithium toxicity, increase the toxicity of calcium channel blockers, increase the toxicity of methotrexate, decrease the effects of diuretics, beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors
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| naloxone is the drug of choice for? | agonist or mixed ovoid overdose
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| naltrexone is the drug of choice for? | maintenance of the opioid free state
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| children and adolescents with chickenpox or influenza should NOT use what because of the association with Reye's syndrome | aspirin
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| morphine and codeine were isolated from? | opium
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| tylenol is part of what group of medications? | acetaminophen
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| tylenol should not be used for what? | anti-inflammatory effects
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| codeine and dextromethorphan are considered to be... | antitussives (stop cough)
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| near term, high dose aspirin can lead to... | prolonged gestation, delayed parturition, increased risk of hemorrhage in the mother and newborn
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| aspirin can interfere with the clearance of what and cause subsequent bone marrow suppression? | methotrexate
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| morphine is the prototype | opioid agonist
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| fentanyl patches can provide relief from pain for the... | terminally ill
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| respiratory depression with the use of opioids is related to a decrease in the sensitivity of the brainstem to... | carbon dioxide
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| opioids stimulate what from the pituitary gland so it may be a problem in patients with BPH | antidiuretic hormone
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| what is the component of pain which involves the patient's EMOTIONAL response to pain known as | reaction
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| what is the comp one of pain which involves the patient's PHYSIOLOGICAL response to pain known as | perception
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| what is effective for a second myocardial infarction prevention in adults? | aspirin
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| what do NSAIDS inhibit the action of which results in decrease of prostaglandin synthesis | cyclooxygenase
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| which receptors are involved in producing analgesia? | mu and kappa receptors
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| where is the cough receptors located in the human body? | medulla
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| should opioids be given to patients with head injuries? | NO
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| what are 6 symptoms of shoppers? | cancel appointments to be out for business trips
suggests drugs that work well for them
claims many allergies
requests refills shortly after dental procedure
goes to many different dental offices
complains of pain for many days after S/RP
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| what are the side effects of the use of NSAIDS (oral) | gingival ulcerations, ulcerative stomatitis, dry mouth
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| what is pain? | a diagnostic symptom of an underlying pathologic condition
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| aspirin taken with sulfonylureas can initiate... | a hypoglycemic effect
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| aspirin taken with probenecid interferes with... | probenecid's uricosuric effects
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| what is dysmenorrhea due to? | excessive prostaglandins present in the uterine wall which produce painful contractions
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| aspirin combined with methotrexate can displace.. | methotrexate and decrease its clearance from the body
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| what are the three drugs to treat gout? | colchicine, allopurinol, prebencid
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| what are the symptoms of withdrawal? | yawning and lacrimation, perspiration and rhinorrhea, gooseflesh and tachycardia
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| what are the symptoms of salicylism? | tinnitus, headache, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, dimness of vision, hyperthermia, electrolyte imbalance
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| naloxone is the drug of choice for... | agonist or mixed opioid overdose
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| aspirin is also known as... | acetylsalicylic acid
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| tylenol is part of what group of medications? | acetaminophen group
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| what are the two cough suppressors | codeine and dextromethorphan
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| most dental pain can be managed with the use of... | NSAIAs or NSAIDs
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| what is the term for irate crystals? | tophi
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| what is an adverse reaction of Ultram? | dizziness, somnolence (sleepiness), headache, nausea, diarrhea, constipation and vomiting, palpitations, diaphoresis (profuse sweating), seizures
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| nonopids are...(weak/strong) opioids are... (weak/strong) | nonopioids are weak
opioids are strong
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| aspirin and sulfonylureas can produce what (diabetic drugs) | hypoglycemic effect
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| Hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen potentiated by use of... | barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin and rifampin
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| magnesium saliylates are contraindicated in... | renal disease
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| sodium salicylates are contraindicated in... | cardiovascular disease
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| what are the adverse reactions to opioids | miosis, respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention, billiary constriction
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| what are the symptoms of withdrawal | nausea and vomiting, lacrimation, perspiration, irritability, chills, tremors, fatigue
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| Tophi are also known as | prostaglandin crystals
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| meperidine may react with what inhibitors that can cause CNS depression, hypertension and hypotension to occur? | MAO
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| what are the adverse drug interactions with NSAIDS | muscle weakness, vertigo, stevens johnson syndrome
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| what is the mechanism of action for NSAIDS? | inhibit cyclooxygenase resulting in the decrease of prostaglandin synthesis
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| salicylates come from the bark of what tree? | willow
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| what syndrome is associated with hepatotoxicity and encephalopathy? | Reye's syndrome
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| what is the drug that is abused by medical personnel? | meperidine
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| what is the most common drug used to treat dental pain? | ibuprofen
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| kappa receptor is... | dysphoria and analgesia
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| delta receptor is.. | spinal analgesia
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| mu receptor is... | euphoria and analgesia
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| acetaminophen does not cause... | gastric bleeding
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| the development of Reye's syndrome is due to the use of... | salicylayes
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| aspirin is composed of... | acetic acid and salicylic acid
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| aspirin is used as a... | antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory
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| respiratory depression, an aderse reaction of opioids is related to a decrease in sensitivity of the brainstem to... | carbon dioxide
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| NSAIDS reversibly inhibit... | platelet aggregation
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| what is the most common opioid used in dentistry? | codeine
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| Aspirin + anti-hypertensives can... | decrease antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics
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| oral adverse reactions of the NSAIDS include... | ulcerative stomatitis, dry mouth and gingival ulcerations
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| what NSAID are dozed on a 8-12 hour schedule? | naproxen
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| which drug has no significant anti-inflammatory effect? | acetaminophen
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| what is stevens johnson syndrome? | systemic manifestation of erythemia multiforme
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| what are the COX II specific drugs | celebrex or Vioxx
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| what is the opioid used very little in dentistry? | morphine
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| what is used in patches to provide relief for the terminally ill | Fentanyl
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| what prevents NSAID induced ulcers? | Cytotec
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| Naproxen and naproxen sodium are dosed on what schedule | 4 hour schedule
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