IC3 Unit 1 Chapter 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| algorithm: | a procedure that a computer can follow to accomplish a task
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| ASCII: | a standard binary code developed for computers to communicate with each other; the code is an eight-bit code that represents letters, decimal numbers, and special function characters (see byte) on most computers
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| analog: | electrical signal that varies in time in a way that is similar to the thing it represents; converts electrical signals into sound waves
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| analog to digital (A to D) converter: | device that converts analog signals to a series of digital numbers
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| appliance: | computer that is dedicated to one function
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| binary: | numbering system that uses zeros and ones; assigned to electrical devices like switches
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| bit (b): | single digit, 0 or 1, in a binary number
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| booting: | the process of turning on a computer and the computer checking all hardware for availability and copying the necessary operating system files to RAM for the computer to function
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| byte (B): | group of eight bits, which is a common measurement unit for data
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| central processing unit (CPU): | device for processing instructions in a computer; the heart of the computer, also known as the microprocessor
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| clock: | circuit on the computer that emits pulses
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| clock speed: | measurement of the speed of a processor
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| CD/DVD | The two types of optical storage mediums
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| data: | collection of unprocessed facts and figures
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| desktop computer: | personal computer designed to sit on a desk; the system is too large to be portable
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| digital to analog (D to A) converter: | device that takes a digital signal and converts it to an analog electrical signal
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| Dumb/POS terminal | a computer that must be connected to a file server to function; no storage capability
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| e-book: | electronic books that can be read on a computer or a special reading device
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| electronic paper: | type of display used by e-readers that reflects light from the surroundings to make it easier to read in bright light; usually restricted to black-and-white text
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| file server: | A computer that stores and manages database files and is more powerful than a typical workstation or network server
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| flash memory: | similar to RAM but slower and without moving parts; does not require constant power to store data; flash memory devices are usually USB or card slot devices
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| gigabyte: | approximately one billion bytes; a measurement of memory or storage capacity
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| hertz: | measurement of clock pulses (clock speed); 1 pulse per second = 1 hertz
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| information: | data that is organized in a useful and meaningful manner
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| input: | one of the four main functions of a computer; the action of transferring instructions or data into a computer by using devices such as a keyboard or mouse or even touch (smartphones, tablets)
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| laptop computer: | portable or notebook computer that fits on your lap or in a briefcase; uses battery power when a power outlet is not avaialable
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| Linux: | operating system developed based on UNIX that works on a variety of computers and is not owned by a particular company; usually free of charge
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| mainframe computer: | large computer used to process vast amounts of information; they are reliable, secure and provides consistent backup and redundancy
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| megabyte: | one million bytes; a measurement of memory or storage capacity
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| memory: | integrated circuits designed to store data before and after it is processed by the CPU
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| nanosecond: | one billionth of a second; used as a measurement for the amount of time it takes the processor to read or write data to RAM
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| natural user interface (NUI): | operating system that can interpret touch and voice commands
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| non-volatile memory: | factory programmed and does not need constant power to function (see read-only memory)
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| operating system: | fundamental programming that controls the way computers interact with their parts and with users
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| output: | one of the four main functions of a computer; the results of processing data; output is reported to the user using devices such as the monitor or printer
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| personal computer: | a microcomputer typically operated by one person; customized to match personal perferences
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| petabyte: | over a quadrillion bytes; a measurement of memory or storage capacity
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| pixel: | short for picture element; monitor display is measured in pixels
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| primary storage: | type of storage that is used while the computer is processing data and instructions; also known as memory
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| programmable: | types of computers that can change programs
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| programmer: | people who write programs (software instructions)
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| programming: | the process of translating algorithms into code that a computer can use
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| random access memory (RAM): | volatile memory used to store programs and data while the computer is working; it must have constant power to function
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| read-only memory (ROM): | non-volatile memory that contains instructions used by the computer to communicate with its internal components; it is factory programmed and does not need constant power to function
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| secondary storage: | storage used for the results of processed data that allows for later retrieval of the processed data
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| servers: | powerful, fast computers that run special software to serve specific purposes for many users at once
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| smartphone: | cellular telephone that has a virtual keyboard on a touch screen or a small keypad and provides Internet access
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| solid state drive (SSD): | a large amount of flash memory that does not require constant power to store data; slower than RAM
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| supercomputer: | very large capacity computers characterized by their ability to evaluate complex interactions quickly
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| tablet computer: | a computer with a touch screen designed to allow writing with an inkless pen as a mode of input; may also function as a laptop computer
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| terabyte: | approximately one trillion bytes; a measurement of memory or storage capacity
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| touch pad: | pointing device embedded in the keyboard of a laptop computer that senses motion of a finger
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| Unicode: | code that uses 32- digit binary numbers to represent characters from numerous languages including the older ASCII codes
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| UNIX: | operating system used by medium-sized computers that is independent of a manufacturer
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| volatile memory: | requires constant power to function or data is lost (RAM)
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| Web server: | computer that runs specialized software to support Web pages
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| word: | the unit of data that a processor can work with
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| word size: | the amount of data processed in one operation
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| workstation: | a PC at an organization connected to the company’s network or high-powered computers designed for specific tasks such as graphic design, medicine, games, and engineering.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
nicole.anderson
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