definitions
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| inventory/ stack | the goods or merchandise kept on the premises of a shop or warehouse and available for sale or distribution
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| demand | An economic principle that describes a consumer's desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service. Holding all other factors constant, the price of a good or service increases as its demand increases and vice versa.
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| costing | System of computing cost of production or of running a business, by allocating expenditure to various stages of production or to different operations of a firm.
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| distribution | Commerce: The movement of goods and services from the source through a distribution channel, right up to the final customer, consumer, or user, and the movement of payment in the opposite direction, right up to the original producer or supplier.
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| billing | Process of generating an invoice to recover sales price from the customer. Also called Invoicing. See also billings.
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| negotiation | General: Bargaining (give and take) process between two or more parties (each with its own aims, needs, and viewpoints) seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict.
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| logistics | Coordination of projected requirement, procurement, physical movement, and storage of components, parts, raw materials, and semi-finished and finished goods, to achieve optimum demand-service level at minimal cost.
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| supplier | A party that supplies goods or services. A supplier may be distinguished from a contractor or subcontractor, who commonly adds specialized input to deliverables. Also called vendor.
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| distribution channel | The chain of businesses or intermediaries through which a good or service passes until it reaches the end consumer. A distribution channel can include wholesalers, retailers, distributors and even the internet.
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| manafacture | Entity that makes a good through a process involving raw materials, components, or assemblies, usually on a large scale with different operations divided among different workers. Commonly used interchangeably with producer.
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| sourcing | the process of finding suppliers of goods or services
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| transportation | Any device used to move an item from one location to another. Common forms of transportation include planes, trains, automobiles, and other two-wheel devices such as bikes or motorcycles.
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| distributors/ wholesalers | An entity that buys noncompeting products or product lines, warehouses them, and resells them to retailers or direct to the end users or customers. Most distributors provide strong manpower and cash support to the supplier.
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| warehousing | Performance of administrative and physical functions associated with storage of goods and materials. These functions include receipt, identification, inspection, verification, putting away, retrieval for issue
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| break-bulk | Consisting of several individual small and different sized items, loads, or units.
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| raw materials | the basic material from which a product is made.
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| freight | goods transported in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft
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| vendor | a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the street
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| retailer | Retailers are part of an integrated system called the supply chain. A retailer purchases goods or products in large quantities from manufacturers directly or through a wholesale, and then sells smaller quantities to the consumer for a profit.
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| barriers to entry | In theories of competition in economics, barriers to entry, also known as barrier to entry, are obstacles that make it difficult to enter a given market.
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