Radiology Final - Study Guide 6/17/14
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| What determines how long film is processed in Manual processing? | Developer Temp
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| What is ideal temp for manual processing? | 68 degrees (between 68-70)
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| How and where are films stored? | Dark room (cool, dry and dark)
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| What makes fixer toxic? | Silver
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| How is radiation is measured for Dental radiographers? | Milarad or Mrad
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| Where should you stand for safety when exposing radiography? | 6 feet away/behind OR 90-139 degrees from tube head or primary/central beam
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| Primary radiation? | Beam directly from tube head; aka central beam
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| Secondary radiation? | When the primary beam interacts w/matter; including soft tissue of head, bones, skull and teeth
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| Scatter radiation? | Form of secondary; result of xray that has deflected from path in all directions
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| What is exposed film before chemical processing? | Latent image
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| What is time elapsed between exposure? (like waiting for a sunburn to show up) | Latent period
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| What is the maximum permissible dose for a DA per year? | 5. REM per yr
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| For minimum exposure to a patient the shape of the PID should be what? | Rectangle or 16 inch PID
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| Lead aprons should have what attached and how they are cared for? | Thyroid collar and cleaned after ever patient
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| Where are long waves eliminated? | Aluminum filter; Filters out long waves (long waves have low frequency)
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| What does the lead collimator do? | Restrict size & shape of xray beam
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| What cells are the most sensitive to ionizing radiation? | Reproductive & Lymph system
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| How is amount of radiation a patient receives measured or attenuated? | By RAD (radiation absorption dose)
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| If the KvP is increased what does it do to the contrast? | Makes a more radiopaque film image; contrast is decreased
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| Genetic effects of ionizing radiation are exhibited in? | reproductive cells; mutation in future off spring
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| Somatic effects are seen in? | Somatic cells; poor health, induction of cancer, leukemia and cataracts
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| Density is? | Overall darkness or blackness on film image
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| Contrast is? | Many shades of gray (high contrast - dark and lights that are extremely different/low contrast - opposite of high; no difference
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| What are dark or black objects on film? | Radiolucent; xray beam travels through object and not stopped. Not dense
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| What are shades of white on film? | Radiopaque; xray is stopped at dense object making image
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| What causes greenish tint? | Film not exposed and processed.
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| Yellow/brown film is caused from? | Exhausted developer and or fixer OR insufficient fixer time and or rinsing
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| What causes clear film? | Processed film with no exposure taken
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| Black film is caused by? | Light leak; film exposed to white light
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| White lines caused by? | Scratched film; emulsion removed by sharp object
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| What causes dark streaks? | centralStatic electricity; when film packet is opened too quickly
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| Developer has what color cap? | Black
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| Fixer has what color cap? | Red
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| The central ray beam should intersect the tooth at what degree angle? | 90 degrees
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| Where is the gag reflex triggered? | Soft palate & lateral 1/3 of the tongue
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| The distance between the dray tube & object should be close or far? | Close
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| What determines the exposure time besides the KvP & mA? | Film speed
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| What do we use cephalometric films used for? | To evaluate facial growth & development, trauma and disease and abnormalities
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| Panoramic films are used for what? | To view Maxilla & mandible in single view; Impacted teeth, eruption patterns, detect diseases, lesions and trauma
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| Foreshortening is caused from? | Positive position; too much verticals angulation.
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| A Quality Assurance Program designed to continually produce diagnostic radiography would include? | Quality Administration Procedures
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| Short waves are..? | High frequency (hard rays)
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| What measures attenuation (absorption) | RAD; Radiation Absorption Dose)
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| Occupational exposure to scatter radiation is measured by? | REM; Roentgen Equivalent (in) Man
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| An atom that loses an electron it becomes what? | Ion
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| Incisive foraman | Radiolucent; opening or hole in bone located between the maxillary central incisors
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| Nasal cavity | Radiolucent area seen above central incisors on either side of nasal septum
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| Nasal Septum | Wide vertical radiopaque band seen above maxillary centrals
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| Nasal spine | Radiopaque sharp projection, v-shaped intersection of the floor of nasal cavity and septum (between maxillary centrals)
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| Maxillary sinus | Large radiolucent area above maxillary molars
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| Inverted Y | Radiopaque upside down Y intersecting with maxillary sinus and cavity near canines
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| Zygomatic process | U-shaped or J-shaped radiopaque area above maxillary molar PA's
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| Genial tubercles | Radiopaque circles surrounding the lingual foramen
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| Lingual foramen | Small radiolucent hole located below the mandibular central incisors
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| Mental ridge | Radiopaque thick band that extends from premolar region to the incisor region, like a border following mandible apices
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| Mylohyoid ridge | Radiopaque like the mental ridge, looks like a band below the mandibular molar region (linear prominence)
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| Mental foraman | Radiolucent holes seen in the apical area of the mandibular premolars
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| Mandibular canal | Radiopaque and Radiolucent; looks like a radiolucent band (road) that is outlined with Radiopaque lines
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| Coronoid process | Radiopaque triangular/beak shaped bone seen superimposed or distal to the maxillary tuberosity
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| Lamina dura | Radiopaque dense wall of tooth socket surrounding root of tooth
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| Maxillary tuberosity | Prominence of bone located distal to the last molar in the arch
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| Median palatine suture | Radiolucent joint between the two palatal processes of the maxilla
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| Retromolar area | Bone located distal to the last molar in the arch
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