DNA virus
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| Live attenuated vaccines (humoral + cell mediated immunity) | 1. Smallpox
2. Yellow fever
3. Chickenpox (VZV)
4. Sabin Polio virus
5. Influenza (intranasal)
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| Killed | 1. Rabies
2. Influenza (injected)
3. Salk Polio
4. HAV
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| Recombinant | HBV, HPV
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| ssDNA virus | Parvoviridae
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| All are linear, EXCEPT | Papilloma
Polyoma
Hepadnavirus
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| ONLY dsRNA | Reovirus
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| Positive stranded RNA | Retro
Toga
Flavi
Corona
Hepe
Calici
Picorna
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| Require POLYMERASES contained in the complete vision | Poxvirus and HBV
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| Brick- shaped Complex DNA virus | Pox
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| DNA virus, that replicates in Cytoplasm | Pox (carries own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
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| Acquires envelope from nuclear membrane of host | Herpesvirus
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| Enveloped DNA | Herpes
Hepadna
Pox
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| smallest DNA virus | Parvo
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| Largest DNA virus | Pox
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| ssDNA and (-) | Parvo
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| Herpesvirus | dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear
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| Hepadnavirus that has reverse transcriptase | HPV (partially dsDNA, enveloped, circular)
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| Viral conjunctivitis | Adenovirus (dsDNA, naked, linear)
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| Adenovirus | dsDNA, naked, linear
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| aplastic crises in sickle cell disease, "slapped cheeks" rash in children-erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death, pure RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in adults | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear)
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| erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear)
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| aplastic crises in sickle cell disease | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear)
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| "slapped cheeks" rash in children | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear)
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| hydrops fetalis | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear)
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| rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear)
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| Polyomavirus (dsDNA (+), naked, circular) | JC virus-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV
BK virus-transplant patients, commonly targets
kidney
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| JC virus-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV | Polyomavirus (dsDNA (+), naked, circular)
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| Polyomavirus | dsDNA (+), naked, circular
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| Smallpox Vaccinia-cowpox ("milkmaid's blisters") Molluscum contagiosum | Poxvirus
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| Flesh-colored dome lesions with central dimple, wart like | Molluscum contagiosum= Poxvirus
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| Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis | HSV-1 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear)
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| Most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in the United States | HSV-1 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear)
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| Latent in trigeminal ganglia | HSV-1 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear)
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| Herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes. | HSV-2 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear)
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| Latent in sacral ganglia | HSV-2 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear)
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| Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia | VZV (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear)
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| Varicella-zoster (chickenpox, shingles), encephalitis, pneumonia. | VZV (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear)
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| Most common complication of shingles | post-herpetic neuralgia
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| Mononucleosis, Burkitt Lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma | EBV
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| Latent in B cells. | EBV
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| Teenage girl with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy (especially posterior cervical nodes) | Mononucleosis, ¨kissing disease¨, EBV
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| Atypical lymphocytes on peripheral blood smear are not infected B cells but rather reactive cytotoxic T cells | EBV
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| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | EBV
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| Endemic Burkitt lymphoma | EBV
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| (+) Monospot test-heterophile antibodies | EBV
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| Latent in mononuclear cells | CMV
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| (-) Monospot test | CMV
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| Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV patients). | HHV8
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| HSV identification | 1. CSF PCR: Herpes encephalitis
2. Viral culture: skin/genitalia
3. Tzanck test (genital herpes) smear of opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells.
Infected cells also have intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions.
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| Herpes encephalitis Diagnosis | CSF PCR
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| Tzanck test | genital herpes (HSV-2), detect multinucleated giant cells.
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| Cowdry A inclusions | genital herpes (HSV-2)
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| Negative-stranded RNA viruses | Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Orthomyxoviruses, Filoviruses, and Rhabdoviruses.
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| Segmented viruses | All are RNA viruses. They include Bunyaviruses, Orthomyxoviruses (inAuenza viruses), Arenaviruses, and Reoviruses.
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| Aedes mosquitoes | A flavivirus (also an arbovirus)= Yellow Fever
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| Cause of common cold | Rhinovirus (Picornavirus)
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| Virus has monkey reservoir | Yellow Fever virus (Flavivirus)
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| ¨Defective¨virus that requires HBV co-infection | HDV (Delta Virus, ssRNA (-), enveloped)
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| RNA virus with 8 segments | Orthomyxovirus
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| Paramyxovirus | ssRNA (-), linear, nonsegmented, enveloped
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| Naked RNA | Reo
Picorna
Hepe
Calici
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| RNA that have reverse transcriptase | HTLV- T cell Leukemia, HIV (Retrovirus)
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| Most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis | Rotavirus (Reovirus, 10-12 segments dsRNA, naked)
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| Major cause of acute diarrhea in the United States during winter, especially in day-care centers, kindergartens. | Rotavirus (Reovirus, 10-12 segments dsRNA, naked)
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| Influenza viruses | Orthomyxoviruses. Enveloped, negative single stranded RNA viruses with 8-segment genome.
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| Contains hemagglutinin (promotes viral entry) and neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release) antigens. | Influenza
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| Rapid genetic change | Influenza
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| Influenza Vaccines | 1. Killed: most frequently used
2. Reformulated¨the flu shot¨most likely to appear during flu season
3. Live,attenuated (temperature-sensitive mutant) Intranasal. Used in children.
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| Causes pandemics. Reassortment ofviral genome | Genetic shift
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| Causes epidemics. Random mutations | Genetic drift
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| Fever, postauricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine truncal rash that starts at head and moves clown. | Rubella (Togavirus)
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| All contain surface F (fusion) protein and form multinucleated giant cells | Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-))
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| Seal barking cough | Croup, Parainfluenza= Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-))
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| Respiratory tract infection, bronchiolitis, pneumonia in infants | RSV= Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-))
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| Prevents pneumonia caused by RSV infection in premature infants. | Palivizumab (monoclonal antibody against F protein)
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| Rash presents last and spreads from head to toe. Includes hands and feet | Measles; Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-))
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| Parotitis, Orchitis and aseptic Meningitis. | Mumps; Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-))
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| Can cause sterility (especially after puberty). | Mumps; Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-))
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| Bullet-shaped virus | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped)
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| Negri bodies | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped)
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| Cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons infected commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped)
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| Travels to the CNS by migrating in a retrograde fashion up nerve axons. | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped)
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| More commonly from bat, raccoon, and skunk bites | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped)
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| RNA picornavirus, Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers), fecal oral transmission | HAV
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| HBV | DNA Hepadnavirus
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| Hepatitis virus that integrates into host genome, acts as oncogene | HBV (DNA hepadnavirus)
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| HCV | RNA Flavivirus
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| Hepatitis Chronic, Carcinoma, Carrier | HCV
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| Its genetically unstable because it lacks proofreading 3´-->5´exonuclease activity in its RNA polymerase | HCV
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| Defective virus, dependent on HBV superinfection | HDV
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| HDV | RNA delta virus
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| HEV | RNA hepevirus
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| High mortality in pregnant women, Enteric, Expectant mothers, Epidemic | HEV
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| HAV and HEV | Fecal-Oral
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| Detect ACTIVE Hepatitis A | Anti-HAV (IgM)
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| prior HAV infection and/or prior vaccination; protects against reinfection. | Anti-HAV (IgG)
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| Antigen found on surface of HBV; indicates hepatitis B infection | HBsAG
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| hepatitis B infection | HBsAG
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| Antibody to HBsAg; indicates immunity to hepatitis B. | Anti-HBs
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| Antigen associated with core of HBV. | HBcAG
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| Antibody to HBcAg; IgM = acute/recent infection; IgG = prior exposure or chronic infection. Positive during window period. | Anti-HBc
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| A second, different antigenic determinant in the HBV core. HBeAg indicates active viral replication and HIGH transmissibility | HBeAg
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| Positive during window period. | Anti-HBc
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| Immunity to hepatitis B. | Anti-HBs
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| HIGH transmissibility | HBeAg
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| Antibody to HBeAg; indicates LOW transmissibility | Anti-HBe
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| During latent phase of HIV, virus replicates | lymph nodes
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heidy39
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