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VIRUS
DNA virus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Live attenuated vaccines (humoral + cell mediated immunity) | 1. Smallpox 2. Yellow fever 3. Chickenpox (VZV) 4. Sabin Polio virus 5. Influenza (intranasal) |
| Killed | 1. Rabies 2. Influenza (injected) 3. Salk Polio 4. HAV |
| Recombinant | HBV, HPV |
| ssDNA virus | Parvoviridae |
| All are linear, EXCEPT | Papilloma Polyoma Hepadnavirus |
| ONLY dsRNA | Reovirus |
| Positive stranded RNA | Retro Toga Flavi Corona Hepe Calici Picorna |
| Require POLYMERASES contained in the complete vision | Poxvirus and HBV |
| Brick- shaped Complex DNA virus | Pox |
| DNA virus, that replicates in Cytoplasm | Pox (carries own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase) |
| Acquires envelope from nuclear membrane of host | Herpesvirus |
| Enveloped DNA | Herpes Hepadna Pox |
| smallest DNA virus | Parvo |
| Largest DNA virus | Pox |
| ssDNA and (-) | Parvo |
| Herpesvirus | dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear |
| Hepadnavirus that has reverse transcriptase | HPV (partially dsDNA, enveloped, circular) |
| Viral conjunctivitis | Adenovirus (dsDNA, naked, linear) |
| Adenovirus | dsDNA, naked, linear |
| aplastic crises in sickle cell disease, "slapped cheeks" rash in children-erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death, pure RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in adults | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear) |
| erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear) |
| aplastic crises in sickle cell disease | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear) |
| "slapped cheeks" rash in children | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear) |
| hydrops fetalis | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear) |
| rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms | Parvovirus B19 (naked, ssDNA (-), linear) |
| Polyomavirus (dsDNA (+), naked, circular) | JC virus-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV BK virus-transplant patients, commonly targets kidney |
| JC virus-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV | Polyomavirus (dsDNA (+), naked, circular) |
| Polyomavirus | dsDNA (+), naked, circular |
| Smallpox Vaccinia-cowpox ("milkmaid's blisters") Molluscum contagiosum | Poxvirus |
| Flesh-colored dome lesions with central dimple, wart like | Molluscum contagiosum= Poxvirus |
| Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis | HSV-1 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear) |
| Most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in the United States | HSV-1 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear) |
| Latent in trigeminal ganglia | HSV-1 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear) |
| Herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes. | HSV-2 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear) |
| Latent in sacral ganglia | HSV-2 (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear) |
| Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia | VZV (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear) |
| Varicella-zoster (chickenpox, shingles), encephalitis, pneumonia. | VZV (dsDNA (+), enveloped, linear) |
| Most common complication of shingles | post-herpetic neuralgia |
| Mononucleosis, Burkitt Lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma | EBV |
| Latent in B cells. | EBV |
| Teenage girl with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy (especially posterior cervical nodes) | Mononucleosis, ¨kissing disease¨, EBV |
| Atypical lymphocytes on peripheral blood smear are not infected B cells but rather reactive cytotoxic T cells | EBV |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | EBV |
| Endemic Burkitt lymphoma | EBV |
| (+) Monospot test-heterophile antibodies | EBV |
| Latent in mononuclear cells | CMV |
| (-) Monospot test | CMV |
| Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV patients). | HHV8 |
| HSV identification | 1. CSF PCR: Herpes encephalitis 2. Viral culture: skin/genitalia 3. Tzanck test (genital herpes) smear of opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells. Infected cells also have intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions. |
| Herpes encephalitis Diagnosis | CSF PCR |
| Tzanck test | genital herpes (HSV-2), detect multinucleated giant cells. |
| Cowdry A inclusions | genital herpes (HSV-2) |
| Negative-stranded RNA viruses | Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Orthomyxoviruses, Filoviruses, and Rhabdoviruses. |
| Segmented viruses | All are RNA viruses. They include Bunyaviruses, Orthomyxoviruses (inAuenza viruses), Arenaviruses, and Reoviruses. |
| Aedes mosquitoes | A flavivirus (also an arbovirus)= Yellow Fever |
| Cause of common cold | Rhinovirus (Picornavirus) |
| Virus has monkey reservoir | Yellow Fever virus (Flavivirus) |
| ¨Defective¨virus that requires HBV co-infection | HDV (Delta Virus, ssRNA (-), enveloped) |
| RNA virus with 8 segments | Orthomyxovirus |
| Paramyxovirus | ssRNA (-), linear, nonsegmented, enveloped |
| Naked RNA | Reo Picorna Hepe Calici |
| RNA that have reverse transcriptase | HTLV- T cell Leukemia, HIV (Retrovirus) |
| Most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis | Rotavirus (Reovirus, 10-12 segments dsRNA, naked) |
| Major cause of acute diarrhea in the United States during winter, especially in day-care centers, kindergartens. | Rotavirus (Reovirus, 10-12 segments dsRNA, naked) |
| Influenza viruses | Orthomyxoviruses. Enveloped, negative single stranded RNA viruses with 8-segment genome. |
| Contains hemagglutinin (promotes viral entry) and neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release) antigens. | Influenza |
| Rapid genetic change | Influenza |
| Influenza Vaccines | 1. Killed: most frequently used 2. Reformulated¨the flu shot¨most likely to appear during flu season 3. Live,attenuated (temperature-sensitive mutant) Intranasal. Used in children. |
| Causes pandemics. Reassortment ofviral genome | Genetic shift |
| Causes epidemics. Random mutations | Genetic drift |
| Fever, postauricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine truncal rash that starts at head and moves clown. | Rubella (Togavirus) |
| All contain surface F (fusion) protein and form multinucleated giant cells | Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-)) |
| Seal barking cough | Croup, Parainfluenza= Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-)) |
| Respiratory tract infection, bronchiolitis, pneumonia in infants | RSV= Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-)) |
| Prevents pneumonia caused by RSV infection in premature infants. | Palivizumab (monoclonal antibody against F protein) |
| Rash presents last and spreads from head to toe. Includes hands and feet | Measles; Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-)) |
| Parotitis, Orchitis and aseptic Meningitis. | Mumps; Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-)) |
| Can cause sterility (especially after puberty). | Mumps; Paramyxovirus (enveloped, nonsegmented, ssDNA (-)) |
| Bullet-shaped virus | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped) |
| Negri bodies | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped) |
| Cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons infected commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped) |
| Travels to the CNS by migrating in a retrograde fashion up nerve axons. | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped) |
| More commonly from bat, raccoon, and skunk bites | Rabies (Rhabdovirus: ssRNA (-), linear, helical, enveloped) |
| RNA picornavirus, Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers), fecal oral transmission | HAV |
| HBV | DNA Hepadnavirus |
| Hepatitis virus that integrates into host genome, acts as oncogene | HBV (DNA hepadnavirus) |
| HCV | RNA Flavivirus |
| Hepatitis Chronic, Carcinoma, Carrier | HCV |
| Its genetically unstable because it lacks proofreading 3´-->5´exonuclease activity in its RNA polymerase | HCV |
| Defective virus, dependent on HBV superinfection | HDV |
| HDV | RNA delta virus |
| HEV | RNA hepevirus |
| High mortality in pregnant women, Enteric, Expectant mothers, Epidemic | HEV |
| HAV and HEV | Fecal-Oral |
| Detect ACTIVE Hepatitis A | Anti-HAV (IgM) |
| prior HAV infection and/or prior vaccination; protects against reinfection. | Anti-HAV (IgG) |
| Antigen found on surface of HBV; indicates hepatitis B infection | HBsAG |
| hepatitis B infection | HBsAG |
| Antibody to HBsAg; indicates immunity to hepatitis B. | Anti-HBs |
| Antigen associated with core of HBV. | HBcAG |
| Antibody to HBcAg; IgM = acute/recent infection; IgG = prior exposure or chronic infection. Positive during window period. | Anti-HBc |
| A second, different antigenic determinant in the HBV core. HBeAg indicates active viral replication and HIGH transmissibility | HBeAg |
| Positive during window period. | Anti-HBc |
| Immunity to hepatitis B. | Anti-HBs |
| HIGH transmissibility | HBeAg |
| Antibody to HBeAg; indicates LOW transmissibility | Anti-HBe |
| During latent phase of HIV, virus replicates | lymph nodes |
Created by:
heidy39
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