BMMS Science Ch 5 - Earthquakes
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| stress | a force that acts on an area of rock to change its shape or volume
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| tension | type of stress that pulls on the crust, stretching the rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
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| compression | type of stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
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| shearing | stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions
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| normal faults | in a normal fault, the fault is at an angle, so one block of rock lies above the other block or rock
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| hanging wall | the block of rock that lies above the other in a normal fault
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| footwall | the block that lies below the other block in a normal fault
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| reverse fault | has the same structure of a normal fault, the the blocks move in the opposite direction
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| strike-slip fault | the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways, with little up or down motion
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| plateau | large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
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| P waves | seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordian - can pass through solids and liquids
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| S waves | seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down - cannot move through liquids
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| surface waves | P waves or S waves that reach the surface - move more slowly that P or S waves, but can produce severe ground movements
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| Mercalli scale | developed ot rate earthquakes according to their intensity, or strength at a given place
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| magnitude | number geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquakes size
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| Richter scale | assigns a magnitude number to an earthquake based on the size of the seismic waves
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| seismograph | instrument that records and measures seismic waves
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| moment magnitude scale | rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake
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| seismogram | the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph
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| friction | force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface
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| liquifaction | occurs when an earthquake's violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud
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| aftershock | earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area
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| tsunami | a large wave made from water displaced by an earthquake
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| base-isolated building | designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches a building during an earthquake
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| earthquake | shaking that results from the sudden movement of rock along a fault
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| focus | the area beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake
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| epicenter | the point on the surface directly above the focus of the earthquake
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To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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Created by:
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