Development
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| What is articulation? | Motor production skills involved in the production of speech sounds.
Characteristics:
- Phonetic errors
- Difficulty w/motor production
- Organic or "functional
- Not stimulable?
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| What is phonology? | Rules that govern sound production
Characteristics:
- Phonemic errors
- Errors related to INCORRECT application of rules
- Patterned errors
- Can produce sound, but does not do so in appropriate contexts
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| What is involved in articulation assessment? | Examine sounds that a child has difficulty producing
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| What is involved in phonological assessment? | 1. Examine production skills
2. Examines how sounds are sequenced and used contrastivly to signal difference in meaning
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| Phonetic means? | Sound
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| Phonemic means? | Meaning
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| What is the problem with the terminology of articulation and phonology? | Phonological processes are as likely to be caused by phonetic problems as phonemic problems (e.g., velar fronting may initially occur because child cannot produce /k/ and /g/
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| Can children demonstrate a progression from a phonological to an articulation disorder? | Yes
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| Does doing articulation therapy for a phonological process do any good? | No
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| What are phonotactics? | Restrictions of a language that specify the shapes and sizes of syllables and words
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| What are phones? | Sounds
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| What are phonemes? | Sounds that carry meaning
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| What are allophones? | Speakers can impose a sound that doesn't change the meaning
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| What are features? | Characteristics that distinguish between sounds
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| What are syllables? | Sounds that convey meaning, words
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| What does a syllable consist of? | Onset + Rhyme Ball - B is onset, ALL is vowel (rhyme)
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| What happens at 4 years old in normal vocal development? | 1. Larynx descends
2. Epiglottis and velum separate
3. Tongue is more mobile
4. Teeth appear
5. There are changes in vocal behavior
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| What are the (overlapping) stages of development? | 1. Phonation (birth-1 m): Reflexive vocalizations
2. Coo and Goo (2-3 m): Back vowels and consonants
3. Vocal play (4-6 m): Squeals, growls, raspberries
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| What are the (overlapping) stages of development (continued...)? | 4. Canonical Babble (6-8 m): Alternating supra-glottal consonants/vowels, limited speech sound repertoire, stops/nasals/glides, lax vowels. Alveolars and labials, adult-like timing
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| What are the (overlapping) stages of development (continued continued....) | 5. Jargon (12 m): Co-occurs with babbling and early words, string of sounds/syllables produced in a variety of stress and inonational patterns
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