Cell Structure and Function
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| What are cells? | The fundamental units of life. Also recognized as teh basic building block and smallest living cimponent of an organism.
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| What does the body consist of? | Millions of cells grouped into highly specialized units that functions together.
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| What do cells form? | Tissues, such as muscle, blood, and bone.
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| What do tissues form? | Organs, such as the brain, heart, liver, and kidney. They are integrated into systems such as CNS, cardiovascular system, digestive system, and renal system.
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| Also known as the plasma membrane | Cell Membrane
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| Composed of lipids and a protein bilayer with highly selective filter that shields cell contents from the outside environment. | Cell Membrane
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| Cell Membrane | Impermeable to most water-soluble substances including ions, glucose, and amino acids. Permeable to lipid soluble substances, such as oxygen and steroid hormones.
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| What is the lipid bilayer composed of? | Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids.
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| What are the functions of the Cell Membrane? | -Transport nutrients and waste products-Cell recognition-Communication with other cells-Growth regulation-Respond and adapt to changes in the environment.
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| Fluid-like substance within the cell that is used as a cushion. | Cytoplasm
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| What is the function of Cytoplasm? | Surrounds and protects the nucleus and other organelles within the cell.
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| The "brain" or the control center of the cell that carries most of the genetic material in the form of DNA. | Nucleus
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| What is the function of the Nucleus? | Major function is to PROTECT and PRESERVE the genetic information so it can be replicated exactly and passed on during cell division.
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| A single continuous membrane component that extends throughout the cytoplasm. | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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| What are the functions of the ER? | Main function is the SYNTHESIS OF MEMBRANE COMPONENTS including lipids and proteins for the cell/plasma membrane and the other organelles. Synthesis of products to be secreted from the cell.
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| Complexes of protein and RNA which are formed in the nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm. | Ribosomes
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| What is the primary function of the Ribosomes? | The synthesis of protein. Ribosomes may bind to the ER or float free in the cytoplasm.
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| Rough ER | Has ribosomes attached (proteins).
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| Smooth | Has no ribosomes (lipids).
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| What are lipoproteins an example of? | Smooth ER.
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| Composed of a stack of smooth compartments resembling a stack of hollow plates. | Golgi Apparatus
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| What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus? | -Receives newly synthesized proteins and lipids by way of transport vesicles.-Transport vesicles diffuse into the GA and become part of the GA.-Proteins move from the Cis Face (entry), Cisternae, to the Trans Face (exit).
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| Where does the Golgi Apparatus attach? | To the sugar molecules and then they package into the Golgi transport vesicles (secretory vesicles). *The way they are arranged with sugar determines their destination, whether to the PLASMA MEMBRANE or LYSOSOMES.
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| Bags of acidic digestive enzymes; "The cell's digestive system." | Lysosomes
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| What are the functions of the Lysosomes? | -Acidification (bags of acid)-Destruction of damaged and obsolete parts of the cell-Ingestion of cell particles
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| What are the final products of Lysosome digestion? | -Amino acids and fatty acids which are used by the cells OR-Cellular wastethat is secreted at the cell surface
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| Where are Lysosomes especially important? | In the liver, to detoxify alcohol, and in the kidney, to excrete waste.
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| Powerhouses of the cell. | Mitochondria
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| What are the functions of the Mitochondria? | -Convert energy to forms that can be used to drive cellular reactions.-Cells with high energy needs such as cardiac (brain) and skeletal muscle, have a high number of mitochondria.- ^energy, ^mitochondria
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| What are the simple molecules known as? | Amino acids, fatty acids, and cellular waste.
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