WVSOM Class of 2012 Regulation of Enzyme Activity
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| 3 methods for enzyme regulation? | allosteric, covalent modification, and transcriptional regulation
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| what groups disrupt conformational change and are important in covalent modification? | kinases and phosphatases
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| when pk is phosphorylated, is it active or not? | inactive
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| what happens to the insulin receptor and glycogen phosphorylase when they are phosphorylated? | they become active
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| what is reponsible for the fight or flight reflex? | glycogen phosphorylase
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| protein kinase A is what kind or regulator? | covalent modification
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| glycosylation does what to protein groups? | adds a carbohydrate
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| to add a protein to a membrane, what should be added? | a fatty acid
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| acetylation is important to what regulation? | histone
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| amino acid modification examples include: | glycosylation, fatty acid prenylation
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| what do matrix metalloproteases do? | enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix proteins
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| what is a t.i.m.p.? | tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases
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| what is a zymogen? | inactive protein
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| what can activate a zymogen? | proteolysis
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| this process is used in nuclear proteins and is simliar to ubiquitinization? | sumoylation
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| in transcriptional control, what reactions can be controlled? | transcription, translation, or degradation
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| in eukaryotic cells, what can regulate enzymes? | feedback and feedforward; isoenzymes
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| is the rate regulating step reversible? | no
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| feedforward has an increased supply of what? name an example: | substrate; glycogen/insulin system
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| isoenzymes have similar actions; are their structures the same or different? | different
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| what are examples of isoenzymes? | glucokinase, hexokinase
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| what do multienzymes do? give an example: | transfer substrate to adjacent enzyme; microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
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| what are some examples of regulation via proteolysis? | coagulation factors and chymotrypsin
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| feedback regulation is most often an example of what kind of regulation? | allosteric
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| give an example of compartmentalization: | TCA
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