Microbiology 1 Staph and Strep test - DelTech Owens Campus
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| show | catalase-positive
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| What is the primary pathogen in the genus Staphylococcus? | show 🗑
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| S. aureus is often identified by being coagulase-(pos or neg?). | show 🗑
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| What types of skin infections is S. aureus known to cause? | show 🗑
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| show | 1)pneumonia 2) organ absesses 3) bacteremia 4) endocarditis 5)osteomyelitis 6) septic arthritis
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| How does protein A make S. aureus more virulent? | show 🗑
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| show | Mainly TSST-1, but some have been linked to enterotoxin B or C
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| show | Exfoliative toxin or epidermolytic toxin
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| What toxins cause staphylococcal food poisoning? | show 🗑
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| Of the enterotoxins that cause food poisoning, which are the most common culprits? | show 🗑
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| show | indwelling devices, UTI, present in immunocompromised patient
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| show | S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus
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| What 2 types of coagulase are produced by aureus? | show 🗑
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| How can cell-bound coagulase be detected in the lab? | show 🗑
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| show | tube coagulase method
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| show | positive for coagulase
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| How can S. saprophyticus be differentiated from other staph? | show 🗑
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| What kind of antibiotic is recommended to detect MRSA? | show 🗑
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| What is the most accurate test to check if a staph is MRSA? | show 🗑
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| show | D test - a disk diffusion test using both clindamycin and erythromycin that forms a D-shaped zone of inhibition when positive
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| What is the recommended treatment for MRSA? | show 🗑
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| Staphylococci are spherical shaped under a microscope. These cells appear in what 3 ways when viewed through the ocular? | show 🗑
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| show | positive
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| Staph are catalse (pos or neg?). | show 🗑
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| show | negative
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| Micrococci are often found in the ? | show 🗑
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| show | resistant
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| What kind of staph can be found in the inner ear? | show 🗑
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| Which kind of staph is an obligate anaerobe? | show 🗑
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| What colors are typical of staph colonies grown on a dish? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. CO2 2. hemin 3. menadione
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| show | beta-hemolytic and CO2 to grow
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| What is the active enzyme in a coagulase test? | show 🗑
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| show | clumping factor
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| Most staph that produce clumping factor are isolated from __ specimens. | show 🗑
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| Most coagulase-positive isolates from human sources are considered to be ? | show 🗑
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| What 3 toxin-induced diseases are frequently associated with S. aureus? | show 🗑
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| show | S. haemolyticus and S. lugdunensis
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| More than (how many?) species of coagulase-negative staph (CoNS) are recognized to exist? | show 🗑
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| show | 100 C for 30 mins
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| Which 4 enterotoxins are associated with toxic shock syndrome? | show 🗑
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| Which enterotoxin has been associated with staphylococcal pseumdomenbranous enterocolitis? | show 🗑
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| show | toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
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| show | superantigen
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| What is the cause of nearly all menstruating-associated toxic shock syndrome and half of all nonmenstruating associated TSS? | show 🗑
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| At a low concentration, TSST-1 causes __ of endothelial cells. | show 🗑
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| show | cytotoxic
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| show | exfoliative toxin
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| Exfoliative toxin is also known as ? | show 🗑
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| What other kind of skin condition is associated with exfoliative toxin? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. alpha-hemolysin 2. beta-hemolysin 3. gamma-hemolysin 4. delta-hemolysin
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| show | alpha
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| show | delta
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| show | beta
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| show | gamma
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| show | beta
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| What kind of exotoxin secreted by some strains of S. aureus is lethal to segs (WBCs)? | show 🗑
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| Besides helping S. aureus evade phagocytosis, what else does PVL do to the patient? | show 🗑
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| show | hyaluronidase
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| show | lipids
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| Although it can be found elsewhere in the body, what is the primary reservoir for staph in the human body? | show 🗑
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| MRSA stands for? | show 🗑
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| Once S. aureus has breached the barriers to infection, it activates the host's ? | show 🗑
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| show | suppporative (pus filled)
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| show | folliculitis
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| show | furuncles
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| show | newborns and once healthy young people
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| Scalded skin syndrome occurs most commonly in patients with what 2 conditions? | show 🗑
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| show | 50
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| Toxic shock syndrome is characterized by sudden onset of what 6 symptoms? | show 🗑
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| What are the lab findings in toxic shock syndrome? | show 🗑
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| TEN stands for ? | show 🗑
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| show | scalded skin syndrome
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| show | Steroids help tend by worsen SSS
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| show | Staphylococcal pneumonia
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| S. pneumonia is characterize by multiple __ and focal __ in the pulmonary __. | show 🗑
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| Infections causes by S. epidermidis are primarily ? | show 🗑
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| What form of endocarditis is often caused by S. epidermidis? | show 🗑
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| Which kind of staph infection is the most common cause of UTIs in women and adheres to epithelial cells better than other CoNS? | show 🗑
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| Ideally, clinicians should collect how many swabs when requesting a gram stain and culture? | show 🗑
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| show | aspirate
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| show | aureus
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| What type of reaction differentiates a colony of staph from a colony of micrococci? | show 🗑
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| Staph ferment __, while micrococci fail to produce acid under anaerobic conditions. | show 🗑
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| A modified oxidase test like the __ __ can be used to rapidly differentiate staph from microc. | show 🗑
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| show | coagulase-reacting factor (CRF)
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| When checking for CRF complexes, you should look for a clot to form after how many hours and incubated at what temp? | show 🗑
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| If no clot forms after 4 hours when searching for CRF complexes, what should you do? | show 🗑
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| show | beta-lactamases
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| What kind of agar plate can be used to screen for MRSA? | show 🗑
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| BORSA stands for? | show 🗑
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| When screening for MRSA isolates in a colony, how can you tell the MRSA from the non-MRSA? | show 🗑
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| What is the "gold standard" for detecting MRSA? | show 🗑
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| What are the most common strains of community acquired MRSA? | show 🗑
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| VISA (not the credit card) stands for? | show 🗑
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| VRSA stands for what? | show 🗑
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| show | vancomycin agar plate
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| show | macroglide
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| show | catalase test
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| show | transparent
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| A wide-zone of hemolysis surrounding a zone of no-hemolysis near a strep culture is called ? | show 🗑
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| show | A
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| show | M protein
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| M protein in Strep. pyogenes is encoded by __ genes. | show 🗑
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| show | phagocytosis
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| Strepolysin O lyses __ and __ among other cells. | show 🗑
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| The hemolysis seen around colonies that have been incubated aerobically is due to ? | show 🗑
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| show | scarlet fever
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| show | streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (Spes)
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| show | superantigens
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| Infections caused by Strep. pyogenes include what 5 things? | show 🗑
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| The 2 most common clinical manifestations of group A streptococcal infections are ? | show 🗑
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| "Strep throat" is spread by __ and __ __. | show 🗑
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| show | S. pyogenes
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| Necrotizing fasciitis is most commonly associated with which group of streptococcus? | show 🗑
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| show | aerobic and anaerobic
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| Type 2 necrotizing fasciitis is caused only by group __ streptococci. | show 🗑
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| Type 3 necrotizing fasciitis is gas __ and clostridil __. | show 🗑
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| A variant of type 1 NF is called ? | show 🗑
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| A condition caused by streptococci wherein the entire organ system can shut down, leading to death, is called ? | show 🗑
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| 2 serious complications of group A strep. disease include ? | show 🗑
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| The favored treatment for group A streptococci is __, although __ may also be used. | show 🗑
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| show | tongue and uvula
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| An SBA plate with strep on it should be incubated at what temperature? | show 🗑
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| An SBA containing what is recommended for better recovery of beta-hemolytic strep from throat cultures? | show 🗑
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| 3 key tests for strep include ? | show 🗑
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| All strains of Strep. agalactiae have the group __-specific antigen. | show 🗑
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| The capsule of group B strep prevents phagocytosis but is ineffective after ? | show 🗑
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| Group B strep infections often present as __ or __ with bacteremia. | show 🗑
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| All pregnant women should be screened for group B strep at __ to __ weeks gestation by getting a vaginal and rectal swab sample. | show 🗑
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| show | grayish white mucoid
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| The most useful test for group B strep include ? | show 🗑
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| show | pyogenic streptococci
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| show | C substance
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| show | C-reactive protein
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| show | Neufield
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| What do you call it when the pneumoniae capsule swells in the presence of specific anticapsular serum? | show 🗑
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| show | Strep. pneumoniae
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| show | PCV7 (given to children) and PS23 (given to adults)
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| show | diplococci
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| What sort of media is best for growing isolates of Strep. pneumococcus? | show 🗑
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| Some pneumococcal isolates require what kind of gas for growth? | show 🗑
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| How can you tell Strep. pneumococcus from viridans streptococci? | show 🗑
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| How are Strep. pneumococcus infections treated? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis? | show 🗑
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| Besides blood stream infections, what are common oral problems caused by viridans? | show 🗑
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| Viridans infections are treated with ? | show 🗑
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| Viridans are the most common isolates associated with bacterial __ and in both native and prosthetic __ infections. | show 🗑
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| The presence of __ (a viridan) has a high correlation with gastrointestinal carcinoma. | show 🗑
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| Which viridan is most commonly isolated from the oral cavity and is the primary contributor to oral cavities? | show 🗑
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| Which streptococci groups possess the M protein? | show 🗑
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| All viridan streptococci are PYR __ and LAP __. | show 🗑
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| show | beta-hemolysis
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| show | S. anginosus
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| show | PYR (D is negative while Enterococcus is positive)
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| Group D strep is susceptible to __ while Enterococcus is resistant. | show 🗑
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| All species of enterococci produce the cell wall-associated group __ antigen in the Lancefield classification system. | show 🗑
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| show | PYR
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| show | 1. UTI 2. bacteremia
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| What sort of agar is used to culture enterococci? | show 🗑
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| show | 35C
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| show | tellerite
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| show | vancomycin and teicoplanin
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| show | pyogenic
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| Which classification of streptococci are often found in dairy products? | show 🗑
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| show | enterococci
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| show | viridans
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| show | lactococci
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| Bacitracin is useful for presumptive identification of __, which is susceptible to bacitracin. | show 🗑
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| show | resistant
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| S. agalactiae has the enzyme __ which is useful in identifying it using the hippurate test. | show 🗑
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| The only species of streptococcus that is PYR positive is ? (Enterococcus is also PYR positive.) | show 🗑
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| show | 1. bacitracin (culture is sensitive) 2. SXT susceptibility (culture is resistant) 3. immunoassay for group A antigen (Infection is S. pyogenes)
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| show | Group B streptococci
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| show | Staph. aureus
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| A nonhemolytic, catalase-negative, gram-positive coccus is PYR-positive. Would the isolate be: A) bile esculin positive B) salt tolerant C) bile soluble D) both A and B. | show 🗑
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| show | a-streptococci
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| What antimicrobial agent is most commonly used to treat infection of S. pyogenes? | show 🗑
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| Strep. pyogenes have been associated with what invasive infection? | show 🗑
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| show | S. pneumoniae/pneumococcus (duh)
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| show | Neonates can acquire the infection in utero or during delivery.
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| show | They (Granulicatella and Abiotrophia) need pyridoxl. This can be combined with a blood culture. They can also grow around small pinpoint colonies of Staph. aureus which secretes some pyridoxal.
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| Enterobacteriaceae are gram-negative rods that ferment __, reduce nitrate to __, and are oxidase negative. | show 🗑
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| The VP test detects which end product of glucose fermentation? | show 🗑
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| Staph. capitis can be found on the ? | show 🗑
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| show | external auditory canal
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| show | canines
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| show | dolphins
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| show | cats
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| show | humans
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| show | aureus = mucous membranes, epidermidis = skin, saprophyticus = urino genital area
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| show | staph. aureus
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| Streptococcaea are facultative ? | show 🗑
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| show | staph form in clusters, strep in chains
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| show | ends of the cells
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| Strep. pneumoniae, agalactiae and pyogenes are always considered ? | show 🗑
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| show | alpha
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| Total hemolysis with a clear or yellow zone is called ? | show 🗑
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| show | no
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| show | bacitracin sensitive and PYR positive
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| Erythrogenic toxins of Strep. pyogenes causes ? | show 🗑
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| Streptolysin O and S of Strep. pyogenes does what? | show 🗑
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| show | clots
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| show | factor
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| TSLS is caused by toxins from S. pyogenes. It stands for ? | show 🗑
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| Scarlet fever, as caused by Strep. pyogenes, causes redness on the face and what to appear on the tongue? | show 🗑
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| show | boys, boinking, babies
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| show | 1. conjuctivitis 2. otitis media ear 3. Meningitis
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| show | halos
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| Colonies in the __ quadrant of a BAP are usually the problem. | show 🗑
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| Nuchal rigidity is the classic sign of ? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. dental 2. endocarditis 3. bacteremia
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| Two viridans strep encountered frequently are ? | show 🗑
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| Strep. pyogenes is in Lancefield group ? | show 🗑
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| Strep. agalactiae is in Lancefield group ? | show 🗑
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| Ent. faecalis is in Lancefield group ? | show 🗑
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| show | D
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| show | C
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| show | D
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| Which streptococci are in hemolysis group beta? | show 🗑
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| Which streptococci are in hemolysis group alpha? | show 🗑
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| show | S. bovis
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| Enterococcus are in which hemolysis groups? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. coag negative 2. Mannitol fermentation 3. beta-hemolytic 4. protein A 5. exotoxins
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| show | In the cell walls of Staph. aureus
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| Name 3 important virulence factors possessed by Staph. aureus? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. enterotoxin 2. TSST 3. exfoliative toxin
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| show | enterotoxin (food poisoning)
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| show | about 2 hours
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| show | stuff with mayo
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| show | enterotoxin and TSST
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| show | bullae and honey crusted
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| Impetigo is seen mostly in ? | show 🗑
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| How are streptococci classified? | show 🗑
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| show | bacitracin
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| Which type of strep makes M protein? | show 🗑
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| What toxins are associated with Strep. pyogenes? | show 🗑
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