Chapter 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Earthquakes sometimes cause monstrous waves called______ | tsunamis
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| A break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock known as a ________ | fault
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| The point underground where an earthquake begins is called the _______ | focus
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| The place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake is known as_______ | epicenter
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| Any trembling or shaking of the earth's crust is defined as a _________ | earthquake
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| The strength of an earthquake is called its______ | magnitude
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| What occurs natural acids slowly eat into a rock breaking it apart? | chemical weathering
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| The temperature of rocks ___________with depth | increases
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| What is created when trapped gases blast through the earth's surface? | vent
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| A _______ allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth. | volcano
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| scientists who study the structure of the earth | geologists
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| the process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces | weathering
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| boundary between the earth's crust and its mantle | Moho
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| underwater mountain ranges | mid-oceanic ridges
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| study of earthquakes | seismology
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| volcano that has been active at some time in recorded history but has not erupted recently | dormant
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| volcano that produces lava fountains or fire curtains | Hawaiian
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| volcano characterized by hot clouds of gas and dust that it expels | Plinian
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| volcano that has erupted recently | active
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| volcano that has not erupted in recorded history | extinct
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| magma that has reached the earth's surface | lava
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| Running along the edge of the Pacific Ocean the _____is named for its many volcanoes. | Ring of Fire
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| A depression found at the top of a volcano | crater
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| Holes or cracks which serve as escape vents for underground gases | fumaroles
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| smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly | tephra
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| Volcano that is formed from large amounts of very fluid lava that built up gradually, The Hawaiian Islands were formed by this type of volcano | Shield
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| Volcano formed by eruptions of mostly tephra and very little lava, Paricutin is an example | cinder cone
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| Volcano formed by alternating layers of tephra and lava, Mt. St. Helens is an example | composite
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| Outermost layer of the earth, it is thin compared to the other layers | crust
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| Middle layer of the earth, makes up the largest portion of the earth's interior, made of solid rock | mantle
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| innermost region of the earth, divided into 2 sections, the (liquid) outer ____ and (solid)inner ____, which are made up of metals rather than rock | core
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| The hardest known mineral found in "pipes" | diamond
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| Small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals | gemstones
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| Any hollow space in the earth's crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter | cave
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| Any rock containing a metal together with impurities | ore
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| The rarest most durable and beautiful gems | precious stones
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| The most commonly used practical metal; used thousands of years to make tools | iron
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| A metal that is a good conductor of electricity; 2 of its alloys are brass and bronze | copper
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| Any trace of a plant or animal left in a rock | fossil
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| The area surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet affects other objects | magnetic field
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| The ends of a magnet | poles
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| The magnetic field produced by the earth | magnetosphere
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| The hardest material that composes the earth's crust | rock
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| When molten rock solidifies, it forms | igneous rock
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| Rock that has been changed by extreme heat or pressure into a new rock is | metamorphic rock
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| Over 75% of the earth's surface is covered with | sedimentary rock
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| What type of igneous rock is formed at the earth's surface, cools rapidly, and has a fine-grained appearance? | extrusive
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| What type of igneous rock remains in a pocket below the surface, cools slowly, and has a course-grained appearance? | intrusive
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| Most common igneous rock/ can be found everywhere | granite
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| Sedimentary rock formed by chemical sediments and is used for salting roads and flavoring foods | halite
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| Sedimentary rock used to make glass | sandstone
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| Only sedimentary rock formed by living animals | reef limestone
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| Metamorphic rock that began as shale, is very hard, and has leaflike layers | slate
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| Metamorphic rock that is probably one of the most beautiful and most widely used and began as limestone | marble
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| What type of metamorphic rock is made up of layers like leaves of a book | foliated
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| Hard, shiny, black coal; expensive to mine | anthracite
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| Most common type of coal, "soft coal" | bituminous
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| Poorest quality of coal, "brown coal" | sub-bituminous
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| Designed to live in a cave or above a cave | troglophile
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| The study of caves | speleology
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| Cave formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water | solution cave
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| Caves usually form in _______ | limestone
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| ___________visits a cave regularly but must return to the surface for food | trogloxene
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| Poorest quality coal | lignite
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| Petroleum in its natural form | crude oil
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