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6th Science
Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Earthquakes sometimes cause monstrous waves called______ | tsunamis |
| A break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock known as a ________ | fault |
| The point underground where an earthquake begins is called the _______ | focus |
| The place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake is known as_______ | epicenter |
| Any trembling or shaking of the earth's crust is defined as a _________ | earthquake |
| The strength of an earthquake is called its______ | magnitude |
| What occurs natural acids slowly eat into a rock breaking it apart? | chemical weathering |
| The temperature of rocks ___________with depth | increases |
| What is created when trapped gases blast through the earth's surface? | vent |
| A _______ allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth. | volcano |
| scientists who study the structure of the earth | geologists |
| the process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces | weathering |
| boundary between the earth's crust and its mantle | Moho |
| underwater mountain ranges | mid-oceanic ridges |
| study of earthquakes | seismology |
| volcano that has been active at some time in recorded history but has not erupted recently | dormant |
| volcano that produces lava fountains or fire curtains | Hawaiian |
| volcano characterized by hot clouds of gas and dust that it expels | Plinian |
| volcano that has erupted recently | active |
| volcano that has not erupted in recorded history | extinct |
| magma that has reached the earth's surface | lava |
| Running along the edge of the Pacific Ocean the _____is named for its many volcanoes. | Ring of Fire |
| A depression found at the top of a volcano | crater |
| Holes or cracks which serve as escape vents for underground gases | fumaroles |
| smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly | tephra |
| Volcano that is formed from large amounts of very fluid lava that built up gradually, The Hawaiian Islands were formed by this type of volcano | Shield |
| Volcano formed by eruptions of mostly tephra and very little lava, Paricutin is an example | cinder cone |
| Volcano formed by alternating layers of tephra and lava, Mt. St. Helens is an example | composite |
| Outermost layer of the earth, it is thin compared to the other layers | crust |
| Middle layer of the earth, makes up the largest portion of the earth's interior, made of solid rock | mantle |
| innermost region of the earth, divided into 2 sections, the (liquid) outer ____ and (solid)inner ____, which are made up of metals rather than rock | core |
| The hardest known mineral found in "pipes" | diamond |
| Small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals | gemstones |
| Any hollow space in the earth's crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter | cave |
| Any rock containing a metal together with impurities | ore |
| The rarest most durable and beautiful gems | precious stones |
| The most commonly used practical metal; used thousands of years to make tools | iron |
| A metal that is a good conductor of electricity; 2 of its alloys are brass and bronze | copper |
| Any trace of a plant or animal left in a rock | fossil |
| The area surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet affects other objects | magnetic field |
| The ends of a magnet | poles |
| The magnetic field produced by the earth | magnetosphere |
| The hardest material that composes the earth's crust | rock |
| When molten rock solidifies, it forms | igneous rock |
| Rock that has been changed by extreme heat or pressure into a new rock is | metamorphic rock |
| Over 75% of the earth's surface is covered with | sedimentary rock |
| What type of igneous rock is formed at the earth's surface, cools rapidly, and has a fine-grained appearance? | extrusive |
| What type of igneous rock remains in a pocket below the surface, cools slowly, and has a course-grained appearance? | intrusive |
| Most common igneous rock/ can be found everywhere | granite |
| Sedimentary rock formed by chemical sediments and is used for salting roads and flavoring foods | halite |
| Sedimentary rock used to make glass | sandstone |
| Only sedimentary rock formed by living animals | reef limestone |
| Metamorphic rock that began as shale, is very hard, and has leaflike layers | slate |
| Metamorphic rock that is probably one of the most beautiful and most widely used and began as limestone | marble |
| What type of metamorphic rock is made up of layers like leaves of a book | foliated |
| Hard, shiny, black coal; expensive to mine | anthracite |
| Most common type of coal, "soft coal" | bituminous |
| Poorest quality of coal, "brown coal" | sub-bituminous |
| Designed to live in a cave or above a cave | troglophile |
| The study of caves | speleology |
| Cave formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water | solution cave |
| Caves usually form in _______ | limestone |
| ___________visits a cave regularly but must return to the surface for food | trogloxene |
| Poorest quality coal | lignite |
| Petroleum in its natural form | crude oil |
Created by:
Chandler1314
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