Biology 103 unit 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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show | 1.All organisms are composed of cells
2.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells
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show | Small cells are likely to have an adequate surface area for exchanging wastes for nutrients.
B. Cells that specialize in absorption have modifications that greatly increase the surface area
per volume of the cell.
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prokaryotic | show 🗑
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show | Cell Envelopes
plasma membrane
cell wall
glycocaly
Capsule
Cytoplasm
Nucleoid
Plasmid
Inclusion Bodies
Cyanobacteria
Ribosomes
Appendages
Flagella
Fimbriae
Sex Pili
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show | Contain membrane-bounded nucleus.
Contain plasma membrane.
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show | Compartmentalization:Allows eukaryotic cells to be larger than prokaryotic cells
Isolates reactions from others
B. Two classes:
1. Endomembrane system:
Organelles that communicate with one another
Energy related organelles
Mitochondria & chloroplast
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show | Prokaryotic cells: protein synthesis
Eukaryotic cells:Composed of rRNA
Consists of a large subunit and a small subunit
Subunits made in nucleolus
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show | Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
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Energy-Related Organelles | show 🗑
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show | Both form vesicles that transport materials to the Golgi apparatus for modifications
and packaging
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show | Peroxisomes are membrane-bounded vesicles that enclose enzymes.
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vacuoles | show 🗑
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show | functions in storage of nutrients and waste products; provides support and is a
reservoir for water
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show | involved in cellular respiration
Produce most of ATP utilized by the cell
Cristae – Folds of inner membrane that encloses matrix.
Matrix - Enzymes that break down nutrient molecules.
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List the 6 components of the cytoskeleton and the overall function of the cytoskeleton. | show 🗑
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show | Pseudopods
b. Motor molecules
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show | Supports nuclear envelope
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Microtubules | show 🗑
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show | are hairlike projections with a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules that aid in cell
movement.
In eukaryotes, cilia are much shorter than flagella
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show | organelle that is found at base of cilia and flagella and may direct
organization of microtubules
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show | 1.External surface and cytoplasmic surface lined with hydrophilic polar phosphate
heads
2. Sandwiched in between are Nonpolar, hydrophobic, fatty-acid tails
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show | 1. Modifies fluidity of membrane
a stiffens membrane at higher temperatures
b. at lower temperatures, helps prevent membrane from freezing by not allowing
phospholipid tails to come in contact with each other
2. Lipid structure
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glycolipid | show 🗑
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show | carbohydrate chain attached to protein
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Describe the reason each cell has a unique “fingerprint”. | show 🗑
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peripheral protein | show 🗑
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integral protein | show 🗑
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show | Channel Proteins
Carrier Proteins
Cell Recognition Proteins
Receptor Proteins
Enzymatic Proteins
Junction Proteins
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Channel Proteins | show 🗑
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show | Combine with substance to aid in passage through membrane.
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show | Help body recognize foreign substances.
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show | Carry out metabolic reactions directly
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show | Only certain substances can move across the membrane and others cannot
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factors that determine whether a molecule can pass through the plasma membrane of a cell | show 🗑
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show | Particles move from area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
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solution | show 🗑
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show | solid
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show | liquid
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Describe the two methods of passive transport of materials across a membrane. | show 🗑
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Osmosis | show 🗑
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show | is the pressure that develops due to osmosis
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Tonicity | show 🗑
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Isotonic Solution | show 🗑
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Hypotonic Solution | show 🗑
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Cytolysis | show 🗑
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show | plant cells do not burst due to cell wall;
provides water to allow plant to remain erect
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Hypertonic Solution | show 🗑
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show | animal cells shrivel
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Plasmolysis | show 🗑
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Describe the two methods of active transport of materials across a membrane | show 🗑
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exocytosis | show 🗑
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show | Cells engulf substances into pouch which becomes a vesicle
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show | Large, solid material into vesicle
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Pinocytosis | show 🗑
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Receptor-Mediated | show 🗑
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extracellular matrix | show 🗑
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show | a. Collagen
b. Elastin- gives resilience
c. Fibronectin- binds to integrin and assist communication between ECM and
cytoskeleton
d. Proteoglycans- resists compression of ECM and assist cell signaling
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Adhesion Junctions (desmosomes) | show 🗑
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show | Form impermeable barriers
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show | Plasma membrane channels are joined (allows communication)
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show | Plants have freely permeable cell wall, with cellulose as the main component.
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plasmodesmata | show 🗑
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
chculpepper
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