BYU PdBio 305 Rhees Urinary System
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| show | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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| show | regulates water balance, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, rids body of waste of metabolism, foreign chemicals, drugs, and food additives, and serves a s a minor endocrince organ and produces renin and erythropoietin
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| show | between the levels of the 12th thoracic and the 3rd lumbar vertabrae
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| show | concave medial surface of kidney
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| show | outer portion of kidney which contains capillary tufts and convoluted tubules
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| show | inner portion of kidney and contains renal pyramids and renal columns
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| show | sudden loss of kidney function, usually associated with shcok or intense renal vasoconstriction, that lasts from a few days to many weeks
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| show | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| show | blood in the urine
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| hemodialysis | show 🗑
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| show | night urination
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| show | urinary volumes less than 500ml/day
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| show | excessive urine output
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| show | retention of urinary constituents in the blood, owing to kidney dysfunction
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| show | functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus, glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule), the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop (loop of Henle), the distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct
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| show | over 1 million nephrons per kidney
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| glomerulus | show 🗑
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| permeability of glomerulus | show 🗑
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| show | double-walled cuplike structure composed of squamous epithelium. Outer layer is continuous w/ the proximal tubule. Inner layer is composed of podocytes that are closely associated with the glomerular capillaries
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| proximal convoluted tubule | show 🗑
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| nephron loop | show 🗑
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| show | begins at the macula densa, a mass of specialized epithelial cells of the tubule wass, located next to the afferent arteriole. Shorter and less microvilli than the proximal confoluted tubule. last part of nephron and empties into the collecting duct
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| show | glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
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| show | portion of the blood plasma that enters the capsule. amounts to about 180L/day=45 gallons/day
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| show | 1)high hydrostatic pressure of the blood (45 to 60 mmHg) in the glomerulus 2)large numbers of pores, which are larger than most pores in blood capillaries
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| show | in filtrate: water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, urea, hormones, vitamins; not in: plasma proteins, RBC's, WBC's and platelets because they're too big
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| presence of RBC's or protein in the urine indicates what? | show 🗑
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| show | about 120 ml/minute, 7.5 L/hour, 180 L/day
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| regulation of GFR | show 🗑
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| show | measure excretion and plasma concentration of a substance that is freely filtered into Bowman's capsule and is not secreted or reabsorbed by tubules. measure amount of substance in urine per unit time
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| inulin | show 🗑
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| GFR equation | show 🗑
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| tubular reabsorption | show 🗑
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| % of filtrate reabsorbed from the renal tubules | show 🗑
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| % of water reabsorbed by tubular reabsorption | show 🗑
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| show | 99.5%
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| % of glucose reabsorbed by tubular reabsorption | show 🗑
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| % of urea reabsorbed by tubular reabsorption | show 🗑
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| show | 0%
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| tubular reabsorption occurs throughout the "blank", but primarily in the "blank" portion | show 🗑
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| trans-epithelial transport | show 🗑
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| % of reabsorbed material that is reabsorbed through the proximal convoluted tubule | show 🗑
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| % of reabsorbed material that is reabsorbed through the nephron loop | show 🗑
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| show | 9%
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| show | 4%
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| parts of reabsorption physiology that are under ADH control | show 🗑
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| show | diffusion (H2O and urea) and active transport (glucose)
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| show | regulates the reabsorption of Na+ in the distal and collecting duct (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
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| show | proximal tubule
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| normal glucose concentration in blood | show 🗑
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| show | the concentration of transported molecules needed to saturate the carriers and thus achieve maximal transport rate (especially used with glucose levels)
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| Tm of glucose | show 🗑
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| show | the secretion or movement of substances from the peritubular capillaires into the lumen of the tubule
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| show | hydrogen ions (H+), potassium ions (K+), and some organic anions (penicillin)
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| where are H+ ions secreted? | show 🗑
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| show | reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and actively secreted in the distal tubule and collecting duct
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| show | stimulate K+ secretion and Na+ reabsorption
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| show | secretion of H+ ions into the tubules and the reabsorption of bicarbonate
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| show | yes
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