Animal Reproduction and Development
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| Asexual reproduction | Production of genes from one individual. Many invertebrates, like sponges and flatworms. Good for animals that can't move around to look for mate. Also for moving animals population is low and they can't find a mate.
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| Sexual reproduction | Involves production and fusion of gametes and fertilization. New animal is similar to both parents but not identical.
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| Parthenogenesis -- asexual | Unfertilized egg develops into an adult animal. Adult usually haploid. Common in insects.
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| External fertilization -- sexual | Practiced by many aquatic animals. Gametes meet outside the body. Eggs and sperm usually released into water at the same time.
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| Internal fertilization -- sexual | Practiced by most terrestrial animals. male delivers sperm cells directly into body of female and gametes fuse in her body.
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| Spermatogenesis | meiosis produces gametes in seminiferous tubuler
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| Placenta | Formed by membranes of embryo and uterine tissue. Organ of exchange between mother and embryo.
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| Oogenesis | Production of female gametes by meiosis, process of ovum production that starts in the overies.
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| Ovulation | Marks the release of the secondary oocyte from the follicle
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| Fragmentation -- asexual | The ability to regenerate as a method of reproduction. The parent's body breaks into several pecies and each peice regenerates the missing parts and becomes a new animal. Animals like sea stars and flatworms.
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| Hermaphroditism -- sexual | A form of sexual reproduction in which a single individual produces both eggs and sperm.
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| Budding -- asexual | Animals like sponges can reproduce when a small part of the parents body separates and develops into a new individual.
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| Spermatogenesis | Process of sperm cell production in the gonads
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| Seminiferous tubles | Hollow tubules in the testis where spermatogenesis takes place
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| Testoterone | The main male sex hormone (androgen)
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| Primary sex characteristics | Testoterone produces growth of reproductive organs and spermatogenesis
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| Secondary sex characteristics | Testosterone stimulates growth of facial and body hair, muscle development, increase in vocal cord length
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| Estrogen | Female sex hormone
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| Fertilization | Fusion of sperm and egg.
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| Ovulation | Marks release of secondary oocyte from the follicle.
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