SLD 9
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| What is ADHD? | neurobehavioral disorder that typically begins in childhood. Includes: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
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| Subtypes of ADHD: predominantly inattentive (7) | fails to give att. to det./makes careless mistakes, diff. keepign att. during tasks, not follow instruct. & fails to finish duties, diff. org. tasks & act., avoids tasks requiring sustained mental effort, often loses tools need. for tasks
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| Subtypes of ADHD: predominantly hyperactive-impulsive: hyperactivity features (5) | fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat, leaves seat when remaining seated is expected, runs about or climbs in inappropriate sit., difficulty playing quietly, talks excessively/constantly on the go
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| Subtypes of ADHD: predominantly hyperactive-impulsive: impulsivity features (3) | blurts out answers before questions have been completed, has difficulty waiting for turn, interrupts or intrudes on others (butts into conversations or games)
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| Subtypes of ADHD: combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive | six or more symptoms of each (of hyperactive-impulsive and of inattentive
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| Etiology of ADHD-contributing factors (6) | genetics, prematurity, low birth weight, brain injury, alcohol/tobacco exposure during pregnancy, exposure to high levels of lead in preschoolers
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| Diagnosis of ADHD | diagnosis of ADHD can apply to any child 4-18 years and can be made by pediatrician, education psychologist, etc. No single test to identify. Need to obtain info from parents, teachers, or others involved in child's care. Should rule out alt. causes.
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| Diagnosis of ADHD: alternative causes of observed symptoms to rule out (6) | undetected seizures, middle ear infections, undetected hearing or vision problems, learning disabilities, psychiatric problems like anxiety & depression, significant or sudden change
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| ADHD: Possible red flags (8) | typ beh that no longer age-app & are disruptive: daydreaming/inattention, easily distracted from schoolwork/play, disorganized/forgetful, procrastination, lethargy/constant motion, unable to stay seated, inability to play quietly, dislikes change of rout.
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| _____ of children with ADHD have learning disability/disorder in ______, ______, or _____ | 20-30%, reading, spelling, math
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| ADHD deficits in higher level language and pragmatics (8) | act and speak without thinking, trouble taking turns, trouble with topic maintenance/switching, interrupt others, trouble following directions, difficulty problem solving, talk too much, difficulty maintaining friendships
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| Treatment for ADHD: Behavior therapy | create routine, structure, and organization; avoid distractions
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| Treatment for ADHD: Medication | Stimulants: ritalin, aderall, concerta; side effects include restless, nervous, anxiety, headache, insomnia, loss of appetite. Nonstimulants: straterra, anti-depressants, anti-hypertensives; fewer side effects, straterra longer lasting
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| Treatment guidelines for ADHD: Pre-school (4-5) | behavior therapy: 1st line of treatment. Medication if significant improvement is not evident and there is moderate to severe disturbance in child's function
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| Treatment guidelines for ADHD: School-aged (6-11) | medication and/or behavioral treatment, preferably both
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| Treatment guidelines for ADHD: Adolescents (12-18) | medication with assent of the adolescent and/or behavioral treatment, preferably both
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| ADHD parent training | maintain a routine at home, limit choices, give clear/brief directions, create goals and rewards, use timeouts or removal of privileges, help your child discover a talent
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| ADHD classroom considerations | minimize distractions, clarify instructions, communication homework to parents, STRUCTURE
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