Wf ch6 stack1
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| Level 1 Cache | Memory on the processor die.
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| Level 2 Cache | Memory on the processor package.
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| Level 3 Cache | Memory is the third cache that is farther from the processor core but still in the processor package
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| Hyper-Threading | Intel's best known technologies for processors
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| HyperTransport | Intel's Best known technologies for processors
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| Front-side bus | connects to front of processor
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| Internal bus | Processor instructions come from this
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| Back-side bus | connects processor to internal memory cahce
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| Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) | Specification developed by Intel, Compaq, Phoenix, Microsoft, and Toshiba to control power on computers and other devices.
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| case fan | A fan inside a computer case used to draw air out of or into the case.
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| Centrino | A technology used by Intel whereby the processor, chipset, and wireless network adapter are all interconnected as a unit which improves laptop performance.
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| chassis air guide (CAG) | A round air duct that helps to pull and direct fresh air from outside a computer case to the cooler and processor.
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| Cool'n'Quiet | A feature of AMD processors that lowers power requirements and helps keep a system quiet.
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| cooler | A combination cooling fan and heat sink mounted on the top or side of a processor to keep it cool.
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| DRAM | See dynamic RAM (DRAM). The most common type of
system memory, it requires refreshing every few
milliseconds.
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| dual core | A processor package that contains two core
processors, thus supporting four instructions at once.
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| Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST) | A processor feature used by Intel that steps down
processor frequency when the processor is idle to
conserve power and lower heat.
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| Execute Disable Bit | A processor security feature by Intel that prevents software from executing or reproducing itself if it appears to be malicious.
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| heat sink | A piece of metal, with cooling fins, that can be attached to or mounted on an integrated chip (such as the CPU) to dissipate heat.
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| liquid cooling system | A method to cool overclocked processors that uses a small pump inside the computer case and tubes that move water or other liquid around components and then away from them to a place where fans can cool the liquid.
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| memory cache | A small amount of faster RAM that stores recently retrieved data, in anticipation of what the CPU will request next, thus speeding up access.
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| MMX (Multimedia Extensions) | Multimedia instructions built into Intel processors to add functionality such as better processing of multimedia, SIMD support, and increased cache.
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| multi-core processing | A processor technology whereby the processor housing contains two or more processor cores that operate at the same frequency, but independently of each other.
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| multiplier | The factor by which the bus speed or frequency is multiplied to get the CPU clock speed.
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| multiprocessor platform | A system that contains more than one processor. The motherboard has more than one processor socket and the processors must be rated to work in this multi-processor environment.
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| octo core | A processor package that contains eight cores and supports 16 instructions at once.
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| P states | Standards for processors established by ACPI that define how processor frequency and voltage can be lowered to conserve power when the processor is not in use.
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| PowerNow! | An AMD technology that increases performance and lowers power requirements for processors.
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| processor frequency | The frequency at which the CPU operates. Usually expressed in GHz.
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| quad core | A processor package that contains four cores and supports eight instructions at once.
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| S1 state | The ACPI power saving mode where the hard drive and monitor are turned off and everything else runs normally.
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| S2 state | The ACPI power saving mode where the hard drive, monitor, and processor are turned off.
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| S3 state | The ACPI power saving mode where everything is shut down except RAM and enough of the system to respond to a wake-up call such as pressing the keyboard. Also called sleep mode or standby mode.
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| SRAM | SRAM See static RAM. RAM chips that retain information without the need for refreshing, as long as the computer's power is on. They are more expensive than traditional DRAM.
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| static RAM (SRAM) | RAM chips that retain information without the need for refreshing, as long as the computer's power is on. They are more expensive than traditional DRAM.
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| stop errors | An error at the kernel level that is severe enough to cause the operating system to stop all processes.
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| thermal compound | A creamlike substance that is placed between the bottom of the cooler heatsink and the top of the processor to eliminate air pockets and to help to draw heat off the processor.
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| triple core | A processor package that contains three core processors, thus supporting six instructions at once.
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